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EQs: What are personal, social, and political functions of religion? U2D2 Key Concept 2.1 Drill #3: Why do people practice religion? What are some effects of religion? Agenda Key Concept 2.1 (cont) Emergence of Classical Religion (cont) At Home Chapter Notes for Unit 2 (9-12, refer to calendar for specific due dates) Complete the Illustrative Examples & Empires Map Packets using the provided PPT on WHAPWeebly (will be on quiz/test) Study Guide/Study for Test Religion Groups Hinduism - Group 1 Buddhism - Group 2 These two are parts 1 & 2 of a 3 Judaism - Group 3 part series - but due to size I have Christianity - Group 4 separated them Confucianism - Group 5 These are the Chinese Daoism - Group 5 Philosophies, they are easier to understand together as Legalism - Group 5 opposed to separately Religion Notes to Add The following slides have some brief lecture notes to add to your Religions Packet (there is a specific spot - please record this information there) What are the characteristics and core teachings of Daoism? In the major Daoist writings(such as the Daodejing), the core belief of balance between humans and nature assumed that the Chinese political system would be altered indirectly. Daoism also influenced the development of Chinese culture. • medical theories and practices • poetry • metallurgy • architecture What are the characteristics and core teachings of Confucianism? Confucianism’s core beliefs and writings originated in the writings and lessons of Confucius and were elaborated by key disciples who sought to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships for all people in China including the rulers. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Legalism? Legalism is incredibly strict – rules the empire by force. A key principle is that the state’s strength is in agriculture & military force. Punishments for crimes/wrong doing is what maintains a well ordered society. This included even minor infractions. Humans are naturally evil (Thomas Hobbes > the Enlightenment) It discouraged commerce, education and the arts. If you control things like education (information) in the empire you control the people. It put an end to the warring states period – it was practical but not popular. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Hinduism? The core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the Vedic religions—often known as Hinduisms—that show some influence of Indo-European traditions in the development of the social and political roles of a caste system and in the importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation. Quick Stuff to Know: Vedas & the Rig Veda castes (brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, shudras, dalit) Bhagavad Gita (is a 700-verse scripture that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata) Lawbook of Manu – laws of social classes, life, etc Karma - “the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.” Dharma - “the principle of cosmic order.” What are the characteristics and core teachings of Buddhism? How and where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE? The core beliefs preached by the historic Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) and recorded by his followers into sutras and other scriptures were, in part, a reaction to the Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia. Buddhism changed over time as it spread throughout Asia, first through the support of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, and then through the efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions to promote its core teachings The four Noble Truths, the Eight Fold Path - Nirvana ALSO karma, dharma What are the characteristics and core teachings of Judaism? The association of monotheism with Judaism was further developed with the codification of the Hebrew Scriptures which also showed Mesopotamian influences. Around 600 BCE and 70 CE, the Assyrian and Roman empires respectively created Jewish diaspora communities and destroyed the kingdom of Israel as a theocracy. Hebrew Monotheism – first instance of Monotheism Abraham first Jewish prophet – but was still polytheistic – Moses is the first one who describes ONE GOD What are the characteristics and core teachings of Christianity? The core beliefs preached by Jesus of Nazareth drew on the basic monotheism of Judaism, and initially rejected Roman and Hellenistic influences. Despite initial Roman imperial hostility, Christianity spread through the efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia, and eventually gained Roman imperial support by the time of the emperor Constantine. Religion Groups Hinduism - Group 1 Buddhism - Group 2 These two are parts 1 & 2 of a 3 Judaism - Group 3 part series - but due to size I have Christianity - Group 4 separated them SO what’s PART 3? Confucianism - Group 5 These are the Chinese Daoism - Group 5 Philosophies, they are easier to understand together as Legalism - Group 5 opposed to separately What are the characteristics and core teachings of Islam? The term Islam means "submission," while the name Muslim, applied to the followers of Islam, means "one who submits." Muhammad viewed his revelations as a completion of those of Judaism and Christianity and perceived himself not as a deity but as the last in a series of prophets of the one god, Allah. He considered Abraham, Moses, and Jesus also among the prophets of Allah. According to the teachings of Islam, the faithful must follow a set of regulations known as the Five Pillars. Use the Koran – God is called Allah Follow Sharia Law What are the characteristics and core teachings of Islam? Five Pillars of Islam They include: Faith. In order to be considered a follower of Islam, a person must proclaim in the presence of a Muslim the following statement: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet." Prayer. The Muslim must pray at five prescribed times daily, each time facing the holy city of Mecca. Fasting. The faithful must fast from dawn to dusk during the days of the holy month of Ramadan, a commemoration of the first revelation to Muhammad. Alms-giving. The Muslim is to pay the zakat, or tithe for the needy. The hajj. At least once, the follower of Islam is required to make a pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in the holy city of Mecca. The faithful are released from this requirement if they are too ill or too poor to make the journey.