Download Bromelia (Tillandsia fasciculata var. convexispica)

Bromelia (Tillandsia fasciculata var.
convexispica)
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Range description 1,2
This species is a large epiphytic bromeliad, which has a very wide geographic distribution. The taxon
occurs in Florida and Georgia, throughout Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama, the West Indies, The Guyanas and in the north of Colombian, Venezuela and Brazil
(Smith and Downs 1958, 1977; Oliva-Esteve 2000; Hammel et al. 2003; Espejo-Serna et al. 2005; Funk et
al. 2007).
Description 3,4
Plants clustering, flowering to 65 cm. Stems short. Leaves 20--50, many-ranked, erect to spreading, gray
to gray-green, 25--50 ´ 1--2.5 cm, grayish-scaly; sheath dark rust colored toward base, broadly elliptic,
flat, not forming pseudobulb, 3--4 cm wide; blade narrowly triangular, tapering evenly from base to
apex, stiff, leathery, channeled to involute, apex attenuate. Inflorescences: scape conspicuous, erect or
ascending, 10--35 cm, 4--8 mm diam.; bracts densely imbricate, erect to spreading, like leaves but
gradually smaller; sheath of bracts narrowing gradually into blade; spikes erect to spreading, densely
palmate to laxly 2(--3)-pinnate, narrowly elliptic, compressed, 5--20 ´ 1.5--2.5 cm, apex acute; lateral
branches 3--15. Floral bracts imbricate, erect, red, red-yellow-green, or green, broad (covering all or most
of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), elliptic, keeled, 2--4.8 ´ 1.2--2 cm, thin-leathery, base not visible
at anthesis, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or slightly scaly toward apex, venation even to slight. Flowers
10--50, conspicuous; sepals with adaxial pair connate, lanceolate, to 1/2 keeled, to 4.2 cm, leathery,
slightly veined, apex acute, surfaces glabrous to slightly scaly; corolla tubular, petals erect, violet (white),
ligulate, 5--6 cm; stamens exserted; stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral. Fruits to 4 cm.
Habitat and ecology 1,2
Hab i tat an d Ecol ogy
This species has a very large and ecologically diverse native range, which suggest broad environmental
tolerance. It has been collected in various habitats both, mesic and xeric (such as rainforest and
seasonally dry forest, mixed leaf forest, montane and cloud forest, dry thickets and woods, swamps). It is
reported to favour dry, protected sites, in full sun and to grow in dense masses on tree trunks but is
also found in shady sites. The species mainly grows as an epiphyte although some varieties are more
rarely saxicolous. The taxon has a multi chambered water-impounding tank and multiple
ecophysiological adaptations which have been widely studied. It flowers from May to January. The
species is a very variable species which may change in size and forms according to the habitat (Smith
and Downs 1958, 1977; Oliva-Esteve 2000; Hammel et al. 2003; Espejo-Serna et al. 2005). The species is
very variable in size (20 cm to 1 m) and forms. The plants are stemless, have grey to grey-green leaves
which form a cratiferous rosette, a compound inflorescence with inconspicuous flowers in the axils of
showy, creamy yellow, reddish, orange to yellow floral bracts and lilac petals (Smith and Downs 1958,
1977; Oliva-Esteve 2000; Hammel et al. 2003; Espejo-Serna et al. 2005).
Systems
Terrestrial
Barcode data: tillandsia fasciculata 5
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this
species.
Iucn red list assessment 1,2
R ed Li st Category
LC
Least Concern
R ed Li st Cri teri a
Versi on
3.1
Year Assessed
2013
Assessor/s
Romand-Monnier, F. & Contu, S.
R evi ewer/s
Scott, J.A.
Con tri b u tor/s
Ju sti fi cati on
Tillandsia fasciculata has a wide geographical and ecological range, which suggests broad
environmental tolerance. It is also generally recorded to be common throughout its range, hence the
species is rated as Least Concern.
Hi story
2013
Least Concern (LC)
National nature serve conservation status 6
United States
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : N3 - Vulnerable
Population 1,2
Pop u l ati on
This species appears to be common and widespread in most of its geographic range. The taxon grows
in clusters forming dense masses on tree trunks (Smith 1958, Oliva-Esteve and Steyermark 1987,
Morales 2000).
Pop u l ati on Tren d
Unknown
Threats 1,2
M aj or Th reats
Many epiphytes have experienced dramatic population decreases mainly because of habitat loss and
extraction activities (Mondragon et al. 2006). Threats include logging, urban sprawl, conversion to
agricultural land, fires, road construction and tourism. Read (1989) warned that grey leaved Tillandsia
are the ones most at risk from the horticultural trade. Tillandsia fasciculata is widely used for Christmas
decoration and ornamental use in large parts of its native range and is likely to be collected for the
horticultural trade. How these harvests affect the population is unknown. However, protocols to
micropropagate the taxon have been developed which may release the pressure on wild
subpopulations. Climate change may affect the population dynamics of this species as the frequency of
dry years is likely to increase in tropical dry forest (Mondragon et al. 2006) as well as the frequency of
hurricanes. Epiphytes populations which are commonly limited in their number of microsites to
germinate and have high seedling mortality may be primarily affected by local climate change through
their seedling stage. Drier years result in increased seedling mortality (Oberbauer 1996, Winkler et al.
2008). Bromeliad are frequently highly sensitive to habitat loss and anthropogenic disturbances.
However, this species shows very good ability to recolonize after disturbance (Boneh et al. 2003) and
frequently occurs in secondary, heavily logged forests, in thickets along roadside and highways and in
cultivated and managed areas. There is often a higher abundance of Tillandsia species compared to
other bromeliad species and types of epiphytes associated with disturbed sites where higher light and
drought stress are common (Reyes-Garcia et al. 2008).
Conservation actions 1,2
Con servati on Acti on s
This species has been collected within several conservation units and a fairly large part of its range
benefit from habitat protection. The impact of collections on subpopulations is unknown and should be
monitored. Micropropagation protocols have been developed for the taxon, which has been widely
studied for its ecophysiological properties. Protocols for sustainable harvesting of a common Bromeliad
have been developed in Chiapas. The species should be monitored to make sure of the status and
health of the populations.
References
1. Romand-Monnier, F. & Contu, S. 2013. Tillandsia fasciculata. In: IUCN 2014 . IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. Version 2014.1 . <www.iucnredlist.org>
2. © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, some rights reserved
3. Flora of North America Vol. 22 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
4. © Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA, some rights
reserved
5. © Barcode of Life Data Systems, some rights reserved
6. © NatureServe, some rights reserved