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CHAPTER 19 OUTLINE
• What is a community?
1. assemblage of populations
2. different species
• What are the two components of community diversity?
1. species richness
2. species evenness
• Food chain or food web?
1. trophic structure
• What does interspecific refer to? intraspecific?
1. between species
2. within species
• Why do species compete? over what?
1. limited resources
2. food, water, habitat, mates
• What is a niche? What does the competitive exclusion principle say?
1. all the resources a species requires or can use
2. two species cannot coexist if their niches are identical
• How is a predator different from a parasite?
1. kill versus feed
• What are passive defenses? active defenses?
1. hiding
2. escaping or defending
• What is mutualism?
1. symbiotic, mutually beneficial
• What is succession?
1. disturbance response
2. stability, change
• What is trophic structure?
1. food webs, energy flow
• Which chemicals cycle through an ecosystem?
1. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
• What are biomes?
1. terrestrial, aquatic, marine ecosystems
2. cover a large geographic area
HUMAN IMPACT
• What is the #1 cause of species extinction? #2?
1. habitat destruction
2. introduced species
• What is global warming? what causes it?
1. greenhouse effect, rapid warming
2. greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide
• What impact does too much nitrogen/phosphate have in an ecosystem?
1. causes an algal bloom
2. kills aquatic/marine ecosystem
3. too much of a good thing
• What is the water cycle?
1. clouds
2. rain
3. groundwater
4. trees, transpiration
• What is biological magnification?
1. toxic concentration up a food chain
• What damaged the ozone layer? how?
1. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
2. refrigeration, aerosols
• Why are current species extinctions of concern?
1. faster rate than in the past
• What is the #3 cause of species extinction? why do we need
biodiversity?
1. overexploitation
2. food, clothing, medicine
• What is conservation biology?
1. goal-oriented science that seeks and implements solutions
• What are hot spots? endemics?
1. areas of very high-quality habitat
2. species that occur only in one place
• What is sustainable development?
1. balancing ecology and economy, needs of man and nature