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Landscaping for Wildlife Attracting Butterflies to your Backyard Photo by Peter Fox Monarch Butterflies Attracting Butterflies • Basic Biology • Requirements •Food •Cover •Water • Florida Species Photo by Joe Schaefer, American Painted Lady Basic Biology • Insect • Life Cycle • Migration • Moths, Butterflies, Skippers Insect • Lepidoptera • Segmented body •Head •Thorax •Abdomen Eastern Tailed Blue Photo by Jaret C. Daniels Life Cycle • Egg •Larvae (caterpillar) • Pupae (chrysalis) • Adult Photo by Jaret C. Daniels, Swallowtail Photo by Joe Zebra Schaefer, Zebra Swallowtail Photo by Jaret C. Daniels, Zebra Swallowtail Eggs • 2-4 mm diameter • Tough shell • Female lays many eggs • Laid on larvae food plant Larvae (Caterpillar) • Principle feeding stage • Chewing mouth parts • Molt several times • “False legs” Photo by Joe Schaefer, Gulf Fritillary • Distinctive color, pattern, shape Photo by Joe Schaefer, Zebra Swallowtail Pupae (Chrysalis) Photo by Joe Schaefer Photo by Joe Schaefer • Leave host plant in search of shelter • Anchor themselves with silk • Last molt into chrysalis Adult Stage • Primary function to mate & lay eggs • No growth Dainty Sulphur • Coiled proboscis for sipping nectar Schaus Swallowtail Photos by Jaret C. Daniels Migration Photo by Peter Fox, Monarch butterflies Migration • The movement from one region to another • Butterflies migrate into FL during the fall • Tropical species will migrate to north FL • Females lay eggs along the way Photo by Peter Fox, Monarch butterflies Moths, Butterflies, Skippers • Butterflies have clubbed antennae • Skippers have curved antennae • Moths have feathered or plumose antennae Requirements for Creating your own Butterfly Garden • FOOD • COVER • WATER Food • Specific host plants for caterpillars • Nectar producing flowers for adults • Plant native Florida vegetation Cover • Groupings of ground cover, shrubs, bushes, and small trees • Both food and cover can be provided at the same time • Butterfly boxes are not used by butterflies Water • Shallow water dishes with rocks, sand • “Puddling” Florida Species Monarch • Bright orange with black borders and veins, white spots • Adults attracted to Milkweed flowers • Caterpillars feed on leaves, flowers, and stems of white vine, strangler vine, milkweeds Photo by Peter Fox Photo by Jaret C. Daniels American Painted Lady • Orange-brown with dark borders on upper side • Underside with two large eyespots • Attract by planting vegetation from the Aster family Photos by Jaret C. Daniels Zebra Longwings • Upper side Black with yellow stripes; under side duller • Long and narrow wings • Host plants include Passionflower vines • This is our state butterfly! Photos by Jaret C. Daniels Viceroy • Black line across hind wings distinguishes it from the Monarch • Mimics the Monarch • Caterpillar feeds on trees and shrubs of the willow family Photos by Jaret C. Daniels Tiger Swallowtail • Large butterfly with black borders and stripes • The female also comes in a dark form •Host plants include: Olive, Magnolia, and Rose families Photos by Jaret C. Daniels Summary • What is a butterfly? • Requirements FOOD COVER WATER • Florida Butterflies For More Information Visit the University of Florida’s Wildlife Extension Website at: http://www.wec.ufl.edu/extension Acknowledgements Developed by: Anamari Mena and Dr. Mark Hostetler, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, IFAS, University of Florida, 2001. Photo Credits: Jaret C. Daniels, University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department Joe Schaefer Peter Fox Anamari Mena