Download materi 8 extra embryonic germ layer, implantasi

MATERI 8
EXTRA EMBRYONIC GERM LAYER,
IMPLANTASI DAN ORGANOGENESIS
MK. Ilmu Reproduksi
LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
FAPET UB
1
SUB POKOK BAHASAN
• Implantasi
• Pembelahan ectoderm, mesoderm dan
endoderm
• Material Recognition of embryo
• Proses plasentasi dan lapisan-lapisan plasenta
• Perkembangan embrio selama kebuntingan
• Proses terbentuknya organ tubuh
• Peristiwa apoptosis dalam pembentukan organ
tubuh
LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
FAPET UB
2
Trinil susilawati 2010
3
Trinil susilawati 2010
4
Implantation
Trinil susilawati 2010
5
Trinil susilawati 2010
6
Trinil susilawati 2010
7
Trinil susilawati 2010
8
Proses Implantasi
Trinil susilawati 2010
9
Trinil susilawati 2010
10
Trinil susilawati 2010
11
Trinil susilawati 2010
12
Trinil susilawati 2010
13
Trinil susilawati 2010
14
Trinil susilawati 2010
15
Trinil susilawati 2010
16
Trinil susilawati 2010
17
Trinil susilawati 2010
18
Trinil susilawati 2010
19
Development of Extraembryonic Membranes
Formation
of embryo
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Four Placental Membranes
1. Chorion 2. Yolk Sac
3. Amnion 4. Allantois
Endoderm
Day 16
Outgrowth
of
Hindgut
Amnioinc
Cavity
Amnion
Chorion
Yolk Sac
Expands to
fill chorion
Allantoic Cavity
Day 18
Allantois
Chorio Allantois
Blood vessels
formed are connected to
fetus through umbilical cord
Function of Fetal Membranes and Fluids
Yolk sac: Early nutrient supply for early embryo.
Picks-up uterine secretions from endometrium
to stimulate early embryonic development
Amnion: Protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication for
parturition, reservoir for urine and wastes.
Prevents the lungs from collapsing and opens
digestive tract
Allantois: Fuses with chorion (chorio-allantoic placenta),
carries blood vessels of placenta, reservoir for
nutrients and wastes. Umbilical cord attaches fetus
to allantois.
Fills with fluid to expand the Chorio-allantois
against the uterine wall
Chorion: Attaches to uterus, absorbs nutrients from uterus,
allows maternal/fetal gas exchange, produces
hormones.
Attachment of the placenta to the uterus. (Implantation)
Days
COW
SOW
EWE
30-35
12-20
18-20
MARE
50-60
Types of Implantation.
A. Superficial - Chorion fuses to endometrium
B. Interstitial - Embryo invades endometrium and develops in
the endometrium.
Implantation Window
Decrease in Muc-1 on uterine epithelial surface
after progesterone receptor down-regulates
allows interaction of integrins to initiate
placental attachment allowing expansion of
trophoblast.
Trinil susilawati 2010
24
Placental Attachment in Sow
Trinil susilawati 2010
25
Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy
Definition: Chemical message (Usually hormonal) which results
in maintenance of the CL. Either through inhibiting
PGF2a production from the the endometrium,
preventing release from uterus or protecting CL
from PGF2a effects.
Establishment of Pregnancy
Sow
Days of Estrous Cycle
12, 15-18
Embryonic Signal
Mare
Estrogen
In pigs, problem with moldy corn Aflotoxins are estrogenic (Ralgro)
Causes pseudopregnancy & early
embryonic death
Treatment: get off moldy corn and give PGF2a
Cow
14-16
Small
unknown
Peptide
Ewe
16-17
12-13
Bovine Ovine
Interferon-t
Trinil susilawati 2010
27
Capsule
Day 15
Day 13
Cow, Ewe
Only needs to
be on side with
CL. No effect of
opposite horn
Pregnancy test in
Ruminants:
Protein B found
in blood by day 25
of Cow’s gestation
Embryo
Picture provided
by Michel Guillomot
Mare
Embryo must
migrate between
horns from Days
12-17. Does it
almost 13X/Day
Endometrial cysts can cause problem
Treatment : If embryo cannot migrate
give progesterone until Day 150
Types of Placenta
Diffuse Placenta
Discoid Placenta
Mare
Sow
Chorionic
Plate
Cotyledonary Placenta
Human
Cow
Ewe
Also Goat & Deer
Placentome in Ruminants
Cow
Ewe
Chorion
Chorion
Caruncle
Caruncle
Endometrium
Endometrium
Mare, Sow
Chorion
Microcotyledon
Endometrium
Placental Attachment in Ruminants
Carry Placental
Lactogen into
maternal blood
Chorion
Binucleate
Cell
Migrate and
fuse with
uterine
epithelium
Uterine
Epithelium
Syncytium
Capillary
Stroma
Trinil susilawati 2010
Fusion of
Binucleate
cells and
uterine
epithelium
31
(multinucleate)
Placentomes in Ruminants
Attachment of placental
cotyledons to caruncle
forms placentome
Maternal vascularity supplies
the needed nutrients for fetal
development
Microcotyledon
(Fetal)
Increase placental
surface area
Endometrial
Epithelium
Placental-Uterine Attachment
Allantois
Umbilical Vessels
Chorion
Microcotyledon
(Maternal)
Uterine
Arteries
Microcotyledon
Endometrial
Glands
Uterine
Veins
Redrawn with permission
Steven, D.H.& Samuel, C.A.. 1975. J. Reprod. Fertil. 23:579
Endometrium
Fetal Nutrition (Farm Animals)
Blood gas exchange at chorion - endometrium attachment.
Placenta highly permeable to water and electrolytes i.e., stored in
and exchange between allantoic and amniotic fluids.
Allows storage in allantoic
fluid
Fetal fat formed from fatty acids transferred across the placenta.
Fetus makes proteins from transferred amino acids.
Placenta converts glucose to fructose.
Water soluble vitamins cross the placenta easier than fat soluble.
Minerals are transferred across the placenta.
In Domestic Species
Antibodies to fight disease do not cross the placenta - the
newborn will get these antibodies from the first milk - Colostrum.
Placental Development in the Mare
Day 25
Trinil susilawati 2010
35
Placental Development in the Mare
Day 40
Day 34
Trinil susilawati 2010
36
Trinil susilawati 2010
37
Trinil susilawati 2010
38