Download Power Electricity in Macedonia

Power electricity in Macedonia

Macedonia is located in the center
of Balkan peninsula ,in south-east
part of Europe.
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The country is bordered by
Albania on the West, Bulgaria on
the East Greece on the South and
Serbia and Montenegro on the
North
Independence 8 September 1991
Government Type: Parliamentary Democracy
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Electricity Production 6.273 billion KWH
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Electricity Consumption 7.216 billion KWH
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Electricity Imports 953 million KWH
Macedonia
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The total area of the
country is about 25000
km2 .
Population about 2,12
million.
Approximately 1/3 of
the population lives in
the capital of the
country ,Skopje .
Macedonian Currency - Denar
Energy resources
The energy potential is very modest base
on capacity and structure
Coal –The total reserves of coal in Macedonia are 941 million tons
most of which (about 80%) are in balance reserves.
Additionally, exploration reserves comprise about 60% of the total
balance .
 82%of the existing reserves are suitable for surface exploitation.
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18% is strictly explored underground
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Coal is mainly lignite the average value of the lignite is between 6/89
to 8.29
Thermal plants
Macedonia currently has two thermal plants fired with lignite
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Plants in Suvodol-Bitola
of installed 675 mw.
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Oslomej,Kicevo of
installed 120 mw.
Hydropower potential
Macedonia currently has
12 hydropower station
in operation with a total
power production of
444.6 mw.
From which 49%of the
power production
belongings to Mavrovo
hydropower
Oil in Macedonia
OKTA

The petroleum sector in Macedonia consists of refinery in
Skopje (OKTA) a petroleum pipeline from the Greek border to
the refinery ,and a distribution system for petroleum products
including terminals and service station. The refinery is supplied
with crude oil through pipeline jointly owned by Hellenic
Petroleum (80%)and government of Macedonia (20%).
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Capacity 2,5 million tons per year.
Gas
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There is no gas resource in Macedonia.
The firs pipeline for the transport of natural
gas was build from the Bulgarian border to
Skopje at of a distance 90 km.
Geothermal Energy
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There are some regions of
Macedonia in which geothermal
energy resources are under
exploitation.
Investigations conducted in
these regions indicate a higher
potential for this energy than
the one which is now under
exploitation .In the forthcoming
period it can be expected that
this type of energy will improve
its place on the energy market.
Wood
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In these region wood is
used only for the
purpose of heating.
According to the results
the annual usage of
firewood is between
68,500 m3 o 80,000m3
per year.
Production of Electric Power
Production of electric Power

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The Public Enterprise power Company of
Macedonia is a producer, transporter and
distributor of energy throughout the country.
The total power production of he company
Is 1432 mw of which 1010 mw belongs to the
production of thermal power plants and 422
mw hydropower plants.
USAID

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Is providing assistance to the Government of
Macedonia for the restructuring of the utility
company Macedonian Electric Company with the
goal of converting the state owned enterprise into
privately held, publicly regulated utility.
The law firm of Hutton and Williams is preparing a
plan for the companies new structure and its
implementation
Distribution
Distribution
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In addition to the power generation and transmission
in its basic activity the public enterprise has the
function of disturbing the electricity.
The distribution activity is accomplished through 28
organizational units of the enterprise that represent
separate technical, technological and economic
entities.
The electric supply of 570 000 customers in the area
of the RM is provided at high middle and low voltage
levels.
Wind energy Resource Potential
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Macedonian potential wind resources have not been exploited
so far, largely because of its recent political and ethnic
problems, which diverted economic and energy resources to
satisfying the basic needs of the economy and population. The
wider former Yugoslav area has been reported (Davor
Skrlec,Enconet International) as having potential wind
resources of about 15PJ/year.
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Being characterized high mountains some of the highest in
Europe), it is reported that there are locations wich have annual
average wind speed exceeding 7 m/s.
Renewable Energy
Current Status of Wind Energy

The renewable Energy Country Profile compiled by
Black&Veach for EBRD (European bank for
reconstruction and development) states that no
direct information on wind energy is available.
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A Countrywide wind- atlas is not available
Future economic development
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The western Balkans economy needs to be
developed toward an economic unit which
will be able to absorb more foreign direct
investment produce more competitive
products for internal markets and provide
more violability for balancing their trade
deficit through foreign exchange .
Athens Memorandum 2003
(Memorandum of understanding on the regional electricity in South
East Europe and its integration into the European Union Internal
Electricity Market)
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Introduce European Union standards .
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Establishment of independent electricity.
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Electricity regulatory agencies .
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Unbundling of power utilities .
Signatory countries
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Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Kosovo
FYR Macedonia
Romania
Serbia and Montenegro
Turkey
Potential Economic Benefits
Increased power trade will reduce :
Costs and tariffs
Lead to greater regional integration and
cooperation .
Contribute to Peace and Stability
The Albania Macedonia Bulgaria Oil
Pipeline (Ambo)
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Connecting the Bulgarian black Sea of Burgas with the
Albanian Adriatic port of Vlore.
The AMBO pipeline projects entails a pro
570 miles pipeline.
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750,00 barrel per day.
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Construction is expected to begin 2005
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Completed by 2008
Cost of the project
$ 1,2 billion
International Donors
1.
World Bank
2.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development.
3.
4.
International Monetary Fund
U.S overseas Private Investment Corporation
The Governments of the three countries will provide political support only.
The AMBO Pipeline corporation based in NY
has the exclusive rights to develop the Project
Conspiracy Theory
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The Anglo American consortium which controls the Ambo transBalkan pipeline project linking the Bulgarian port of Burgas to Vlore
on the Albanian Adriatic coastline largely excludes the participation
of Europe's competing oil Giant Total Fina Elf.
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In other words ,US strategic control over the pipeline corridor is
intent upon weakening the role of the European Union and keeping
competing European business interests at arms length.
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http;//www.antic.org/YU4NSP/chosssudovsky/america.html
Nuclear power Plant in Bulgaria
Nuclear power plants
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There is one nuclear power plant in BulgariaKozloduy (1970)
Six reactors have already shut down
Two more will do so before Bulgaria joins the
EU in 2007
Second power plant
Bulgarian Government plans to build a second
nuclear power plant
Location: Belene at Danube River
Year: before 2011
Cost :2,4 billion Euro
Opponents of the project and their
arguments (environmentalists)
New nuclear power plant will:
 Pollute soil
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Underground water
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Put an end to fishing
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Will turn Belene into a target of world
Terrorism.
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Destroy the potential for tourism
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Devastate agriculture and wine making in the
region
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Martir Iseni (exchange student from South
East Europe –Tetovo ,FYR Macedonia)
email:[email protected]
www.seeu.edu.mk