Download Chapter 16: The Urinary System

Chapter 16: The Urinary System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is an excretory waste?
feces
bacteria
urea
all of these
C
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Where are the kidneys located?
ventral region of the thorax
lumbar region
ventral region of the pelvis
dorsal region of the thorax
B
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
In which sex is the urethra part of the reproductive system?
male
female
male and female
neither male nor female
A
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which sex has a ureter?
male
female
male and female
neither male nor female
C
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The ureter carries urine from the
medulla.
pyramid.
cortex.
pelvis.
D
6.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which kidney structure provides urine?
pyramid
nephron
pelvis
B
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Of what does the nephron consist?
glomerular capsule
proximal and convoluted collecting tubules
loop of the nephron
all of these
D
figure 16.1
8. Which letter in figure 16.1 points to the glomerulus?
Ans: a
9. Which letter in figure 16.1 points to the proximal convoluted tubule?
Ans: c
10. Which letter in figure 16.1 points to the efferent arteriole?
Ans: b
11. Which letter in figure 16.1 points to the collecting duct?
Ans: d
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a nitrogenous waste?
ammonia
urea
uric acid
all of these
D
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is formed from the breakdown of amino acids?
urea
uric acid
creatinine
all of these
A
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14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is part of the circulatory system?
glomerular capsule
glomerulus
loop of the nephron
all of these
B
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Protein
is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed, but still occurs in the urine.
never leaves the blood plasma.
is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
is filtered, but not reabsorbed.
B
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Salts
is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed, but still occurs in the urine.
never leaves the blood plasma.
is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
is filtered, but not reabsorbed.
A
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Urea
is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed, but still occurs in the urine.
never leaves the blood plasma.
is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
is filtered, but not reabsorbed.
D
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Glucose
is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed, but still occurs in the urine.
never leaves the blood plasma.
is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
is filtered, but not reabsorbed.
C
19.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Why are some salts excreted?
they are end products of metabolism
to maintain proper salt concentration in the blood
they are not excreted
B
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figure 16.2
20. Which letter in figure 16.2 indicates filtration?
Ans: a
21. Which letter in figure 16.2 indicates tubular reabsorption?
Ans: b
22. Which letter in figure 16.2 indicates tubular secretion?
Ans: c
23. Which letter in figure 16.2 indicates movement of water, glucose, and urea?
Ans: a
24. Which letter in figure 16.2 indicates movement of water and nutrients, but no waste?
Ans: b
25. Which letter in figure 16.2 indicates movement of water and wastes, but no nutrients?
Ans: d
26.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Tubular reabsorption is by
active transport.
passive transport.
active transport and passive transport.
C
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
ADH
is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
helps maintain the blood volume.
helps regulate water reabsorption.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
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28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Diuretics
decrease water reabsorption.
raise blood volume.
raise blood pressure.
are described by all of these characteristics.
A
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Aldosterone
is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.
causes sodium to be reabsorbed into the blood.
increases blood pressure.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Renin is secreted by
the posterior pituitary gland.
the adrenal cortex.
the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
all of these.
C
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The kidneys
control blood volume.
regulate the electrolyte balance of blood.
control acid-base balance.
are described by all of these characteristics.
D
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Excess uric acid
is routinely removed by dialysis.
may form crystals that collect in joints.
is due to overactive tubular secretions.
is routinely removed by dialysis and due to overactive tubular secretions.
B
33. State the parts of the nephron and describe the steps involved in urine production.
Ans: The parts of the nephron are the glomerular capsule, glomerulus, proximal convoluted
tubule, loop of the nephron, and distal convoluted tubule. The first step in urine
formation is pressure filtration which occurs in the glomerular capsule. Here water,
nutrient molecules, and waste molecules are moved from the glomerulus into the
glomerular capsule. The second step is tubular reabsorption. During this process
nutrient and salt molecules are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillary and water
follows. The third step is tubular secretion occurring mainly in the distal tubule.
During this process, waste molecules are actively secreted into the distal tubule.
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34. Explain ADH's role in the control of blood volume.
Ans: ADH controls the amount of water secreted in urine. The more water secreted, the
thicker the blood.
35. The renal function in the elderly is greatly decreased. Besides the kidneys being
smaller, what is the other most significant change that contributes to their decreased
function?
Ans: Glomeruli degenerate and are destroyed.
36. Explain the difference between excretion and defecation.
Ans: Excretion deals with eliminating the waste products of metabolism from the body.
Defecation deals with the elimination of undigested material from the digestive tract.
The undigested material is not a waste product of metabolism.
37. List the nonexcretory functions of the kidneys.
Ans: The kidneys secrete the enzyme renin which helps to maintain blood pressure and the
hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the production of red blood cells.
38. List the primary ways by which water enters and is lost by the body.
Ans: Water enters the body as part of the foods and liquids that we consume. In addition,
water is a product of many metabolic reactions. Water is lost by the body as a result of
sweating, exhalation of air, elimination of feces, and production of urine.
39. Describe the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Ans: When blood volume and pressure decline, cells of the afferent arterioles in the kidneys
secrete the enzyme renin. Renin converts a plasma protein called angiotensinogen into
angiotensin I. In the lungs, angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II which
stimulates the adrenal cortexes to secrete aldosterone. Aldosterone promotes sodium
reabsorption in the kidneys, which in turn causes water reabsorption and an increase in
blood volume.
40. List and briefly describe the three primary components of extracellular fluid.
Ans: Extracellular fluid includes 1) Tissue fluid that directly bathes the body cells, 2) Plasma,
the fluid component of blood, and 3) Lymph fluid within lymphatic vessels.
41. Describe how carbonic acid and the bicarbonate ion function to help maintain a constant
blood pH.
Ans: When blood pH becomes too basic, carbonic acid dissociates releasing hydrogen ions
and bicarbonate ions. When blood pH becomes too acidic, bicarbonate ions combine
with hydrogen ions to form carbonic acid.
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42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a function of the urinary system?
excretion of metabolic wastes
secretion of hormones
maintenance of acid-base balance
All of these choices are correct.
D
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Hemodialysis
can be used to add substances to the blood.
removes waste products from the blood.
utilizes an artificial kidney.
All of these choices are correct.
D
44.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
A urinary tract infection that invades the kidneys is called
cystitis
pyelonephritis
urethritis
B
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which structure is least important for the reabsorption of water?
collecting duct
distal convoluted tubule
loop of the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
B
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which structure is lined by cells bearing microville?
collecting duct
distal convoluted tubule
loop of the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
D
47. When is hemodialysis performed, and what does it accomplish?
Ans: Hemodialysis is used to remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood and add needed
substrates. It is used in patients with renal failure.
48. Mr. Black has been diagnosed as having benign prostate hyper-plasia. What symptoms
would you expect him to have and why?
Ans: When the prostate gland enlarges it causes pressure on the urethra, causing weak or
interrupted urine flow, high frequency of urination, and painful urination.
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