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Transcript 
Properties of Neurons
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Excitable
Receive inputs
Integrate signals
Conduct signals to other locations
Transmit outputs to other cells
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/golgi/golgiapparatus.html
Dendritic spines
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/terryrobinson/par1_pyramidal_cell
>2 meters
Synaptic terminal
Types of synapses
Type I
Type II
• round vesicles
• flattened vesicles
• wider cleft
• narrower cleft
• prominent post-synaptic density
• less prominent density
Variation in placement of cell body
Most retinal amacrine cells lack axons
Gap junction - substrate for electrical synapses
Wagner, C. Kidney International (2008) 73, 547–555
Glia in neurological disease
gliosis
glioma
demyelinating diseases
oligodendrocyte
Schwann cell
Schwann cells and myelin sheath
Oligodendrocyte
astrocytes
Astrocytes
Fibrous
Protoplasmic
(white matter)
(grey matter)
Calcium waves in retinal glial cells
Orientation tuning in cortical astrocytes
Schummers J, Yu H, Sur M. Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1638-43.
microglial cell
ependymal
cell
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