Download 10-0127 Syst C in animals

SYSTEMATICS: CARBON IN ANIMALS
Again, there are lots of papers. I’ll tell you where to dig and where to
skim.
I’ve but two big review papers here, as well (Koch 2007; Martínez del
Rio et al. 2008). They will come up again and again from here on out,
as we start talking about animals and ecology.
REQUIRED READING
Ambrose SH, Norr L (1993) Experimental evidence for the
relationship of the carbon isotope ratios of whole diet and
dietary protein to those of bone collagen and carbonate. In:
Prehistoric Human Bone: Archaeology at the Molecular Level
(Lambert, J. B., Grupe, G. eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp.
1-37.
Read the experimental part closely and note how they clarified the
question of mixing vs. routing. There is a bunch of speculation at the
end about teasing apart human diets with different kinds of inputs.
You could skim that.
Sponheimer M, et al (2003) An experimental study of carbonisotope fractionation between diet, hair, and feces of
mammalian herbivores. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81: 871876.
The first of a series of papers on controlled feeding experiments on
larger mammals from our friends at the Univ. of Utah. Short and to
the point.
Howland MR, et al (2003) Expression of the dietary isotope
signal in the compound-specific 13C values of pig bone lipids
and amino acids. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology,
13: 54-65.
A key paper on controlled feeding experiments on pigs that busts down
to the individual compound level. Focus on the critical results on
relationships among different tissue types, not individual molecules.
Passey BH, et al (2005) Carbon isotopic fractionation between
diet, breath, and bioapatite in different mammals. Journal of
Archaeological Science 32: 1459-1470.
More from the Beehive State. This time on CO2, not protein. They nail
the problem of what causes the larger than expected diet-to-apatite
fractionation in herbivores vs. carnivores. Not very long.
Big reviews
Koch PL (2007) Isotopic study of the biology of modern and
fossil vertebrates. In: Michener R, Lajtha K (eds) Stable
Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science, 2nd Edition.
Blackwell Publishing, Boston, pp 99-154
An overly long, overly tedious chapter on everything isotopic in
vertebrates. Pages 99-105 cover simple background on vertebrate
tissues, then pages 105-109 dive into the controls on carbon isotope
variations.
Martínez del Rio C, Wolf N, Carleton SA, Gannes LZ (2009)
Isotopic ecology ten years after a call for more laboratory
experiments. Biological Reviews 84: 91–111
If you are up for, read the whole thing now. If not, focus on the carbon
parts, specifically the following sections: IV, V 1-2, 4. More from this
paper later in the course.
Further Reading
Kelly JF (2000) Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the
study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology. Canadian
Journal of Zoology 78: 1-27.
The most recent whopping big review of trophic fractionations and
other patterns in animal C and N isotopes.
Fox-Dobbs K, Bump JK, Peterson RO, Fox DL, Koch PL (2007)
Carnivore-specific stable isotope variations and variation in
foraging ecology of modern and ancient wolf populations: case
studies from Isle Royale, Minnesota, and La Brea. Canadian
Journal of Zoology 85: 458-471
Not controlled feeding, but as close as we are likely to get for a large
carnivore on a natural diet.
Pearson SF, Levey DJ, Greenberg CH, del Rio CM (2003) Effects
of elemental composition on the incorporation of dietary
nitrogen and carbon isotopic signatures in an omnivorous
songbird. Oecologia, 135: 516-523.
A nice short feeding study, and one of the few that examines
omnivores. We will read it when we get to N in animals.
Jim S, Ambrose SH, Evershed RP (2004) Stable carbon isotopic
evidence for differences in the dietary origin of bone
cholesterol, collagen and apatite: Implications for their use in
palaeodietary reconstruction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta, 68: 61-72.
A study very similar to Howland et al. (03), but this time on the rats
that Ambrose and Norr studied.
Trueman CN, McGill RAR, Guyard PH (2005) The effect of
growth rate on tissue-diet isotopic spacing in rapidly
growing animals. An experimental study with Atlantic
salmon (Salmo salar). Rapid Communications in Mass
Spectrometry 19: 3239-3247.
Here is one for the lovers of salmonids (and other teleosts). This is one
of several studies documenting that growth rate affects the diet-totissue isotope spacing (may be what is going on in Pearson et al.
2003). We will spend a day on turnover and growth rate later in the
class, but this lays out the basic fractionation factors for fish.