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THIS PRESENTAION HAS BEEN RATED TG-13 TEACHERS’ GUIDANCE STRONGLY ADVISED Some Material May Be Unintelligible For Students Under 13. Intense Frames of Scientific Instruction, Analysis, Comparing and Contrasting, Description, and for Some Vocabulary. BY THE CLASSIFICATION AND RATING ADMINISTRATION © 1852 All Rights Reserved VOID WHERE PROHIBITED BY LAW PBIS ANTI-VACUITY The authorized reproduction or distribution of this copyrighted work is highly encouraged. Lethargic obtuseness is insubordinate and is discouraged by PBIS, as it may result in little or no monetary gain after secondary education or a fine of $250,000. © 1852 All Rights Reserved VOID WHERE PROHIBITED BY LAW ASTRONOMY Stars OBJECTIVES By the end of this presentation, students will be able to • explain evidence for the existence of stellar evolution; • explain the presuppositions of stellar evolution. Evidence For Stellar Evolution 1. Assumed to happen. Evidence is interpreted in that light. Other assumptions include: –• The energy output of a star is produced from the fuel of nuclear reactions and NOT by any other means. –• There is NO other alternate explanation available. Evidence For Stellar Evolution 2. Age of solar system is assumed to be the same age as that of the earth. Age of the earth is based upon the age of the oldest rocks. Age of the oldest rocks is based upon supposition of the age of the earth. Evidence For Stellar Evolution 3. Age of the universe is based upon the theory of the Big Bang and stellar evolution models. Stellar evolution models are based upon the theory of the big bang and the age of the universe. Evidence For Stellar Evolution 4. Age of the universe has been measured based upon the rate of expansion. This has an experimental error of ±33%, yielding results of 14 billion years ± 43 %. Evidence For Stellar Evolution 5. The Tully-Fisher method to measure the age of the universe yielded ages of 7 to 14 billion years. Most modern methods yield values between 8 to 12 billion years. Stellar astrophysicists have calculated the age of the oldest stars to be 16 to 19 billion years old. ASTRONOMY Stars