Download How are ecosystems different?

Lesson 1
Cycles in Ecosystems
Lesson 2
Changes in Ecosystems
Lesson 3
Biomes
Lesson 4
Water Ecosystems
How are ecosystems different?
water cycle
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
watershed
runoff
groundwater
carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
compost
What is the water cycle?
condensation
precipitation
watershed
transpiration
The continuous
movement of
water between
Earth’s surface
and the air is
the water cycle.
evaporation
runoff
groundwater
All water on Earth is
recycled constantly.
What is the carbon cycle?
combustion
(human-made
and natural)
CO2 in air
photosynthesis
dissolved
CO2 in water
respiration
decomposition
coal
natural gas
marine plankton
remains
oil
rock
The carbon cycle is the continuous exchange
of carbon among living things.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
The nitrogen cycle
is the continuous
trapping of nitrogen
gas into compounds
in the soil and its
return to the air.
nitrogen gas
in air (N2)
nitrogen fixation
denitrification
decomposition
ammonia
absorption
nitrate
nitrite
How is matter recycled?
Some natural resources are
renewable and restore
themselves naturally.
Other resources need to be recycled,
such as by reusing and by composting.
Main Idea
What roles do plants play in the water,
carbon, and nitrogen cycles?
Water cycle: Plants release water to the
atmosphere through transpiration.
Carbon cycle: Plants turn carbon dioxide
into carbon-rich foods.
Nitrogen cycle: Plants play a key role in
housing bacteria that fix nitrogen and
transform it into a usable form that other
plants can build with.
Vocabulary
Precipitation is any form of water that falls from the
____________
atmosphere and reaches the ground, such as rain, sleet,
snow, or hail.
The continuous exchange of carbon among living things
is the ___________.
A ___________ is an area from which water is drained.
The changing of a liquid into a gas is ___________.
Precipitation that flows across the land’s surface and is
not absorbed will flow into rivers, lakes, and streams as
___________.
carbon cycle evaporation precipitation runoff watershed
Vocabulary
Compost is mixture of dead organic material that
____________
can be used as fertilizer.
The continuous trapping of nitrogen gas into compounds in
the soil and its return to the air is called the _______________.
Some runoff water settles underground and becomes ___________.
The continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and
the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid, is the ___________.
Condensation is the changing of a gas into a liquid.
_____________
compost condensation groundwater nitrogen cycle water cycle
Summarize
water recycled in
process of
evaporation,
condensation,
precipitation
Write a summary of things that
get recycled in an ecosystem.
carbon recycled as
plants, carbon-rich
foods release
carbon dioxide
during respiration
nitrogen recycled as
bacteria is turned into
ammonia and returns
nitrogen to ground
through decay
Many things are recycled
Summary
in an
ecosystem.
End of Lesson
extinct species
endangered species
threatened species
succession
primary succession
pioneer species
pioneer community
climax community
secondary succession
How can ecosystems change?
Natural events such as earthquakes, fires,
and floods can change ecosystems.
Organisms such as beavers, elephants,
and coral can change ecosystems.
Humans can change ecosystems by actions such as cutting
down forests, using pesticides, and causing pollution.
What happens when ecosystems change?
Changes to ecosystems affect the
organisms within that ecosystem.
Organisms either adapt to
changes in ecosystems or
their species dies out.
How do ecosystems come back?
Ecosystems can gradually change over time.
Succession happens when one
ecosystem eventually changes into
a new and different ecosystem.
bare rock
lichens and
mosses
small plants,
lichens, grasses
and shrubs
shrubs and
poplar, pine,
and willow
trees
maple and
beech trees
What is secondary succession?
Secondary
succession is the
beginning of a new
community where
a community had
already existed.
Secondary succession happens faster than
primary succession, but happens in the same
way as primary succession.
Main Idea
What can cause ecosystems to change?
natural: fire, flood, storm, earthquake,
natural succession
human-caused: pollution, land
development, farming, burning forests
Vocabulary
The process of one ecosystem changing into a new
and different ecosystem is called ______________.
When a species is in danger of becoming extinct,
it is called an __________________.
Pioneer species
__________________
are the first species living
in an otherwise lifeless area.
A ________________ is the final stage of succession.
When the last member of a species dies, the species
becomes an __________________.
succession
climax community
extinct species
pioneer species
endangered species
Vocabulary
Primary succession takes place in a community
_____________________
where few, if any, living things exist, or where earlier
communities were wiped out.
Species with low numbers that could become
endangered are called _____________________.
A _____________________ is the first living
community in an otherwise lifeless area.
Secondary succession is the beginning of a new
_____________________
community where a community had already existed.
pioneer community
primary succession
secondary succession
threatened species
Cause and
Effect
Tell the causes and
effects that result in
a barren, lifeless
ecosystem
becoming a forest.
moss and
lichens grow
rocks break
down
soil collects
larger plants
grow
soil gets
deeper
small trees
grow
trees block
light
hardwoods
grow
pines die
hardwoods
take over
End of Lesson
biome
desert
tundra
taiga
tropical rain forest
temperate rain
forest
deciduous forest
grassland
What are biomes?
Each biome has its own
characteristic animals,
plants, soil, and climate.
Biomes are Earth’s
major land ecosystems.
What are some harsh biomes?
Tundra and taiga are harsh biomes.
Both have extremely cold weather.
What are some forest biomes?
The two main types of
forest biomes on Earth
are rain forests and
deciduous forests.
tropical rain forest
There are two types of
rain forests: tropical rain
forests and temperate
rain forests.
temperate rain forest
What are grasslands?
The grassland is a biome where
grasses are the main plant life.
Grasses are the producers
of grassland ecosystems.
There are many kinds of
animals living on grasslands.
Main Idea
What are Earth’s six major land biomes?
• desert
• tundra
• taiga
• rain forest
• deciduous forest
• grassland
Vocabulary
The _______________ is a forest biome with
four distinct seasons and deciduous trees.
The _______________ is a biome where grasses,
not trees, are the main plant life.
A _______________ is one of Earth’s major land
ecosystems with its own characteristic animals,
plants, soil, and climate.
The _______________ is a cool forest biome
of conifers found in northern regions.
grassland taiga
biome
deciduous forest
Vocabulary
A ____________________ is a biome with a lot
of rain, fog, and cool climate.
The ____________________ is a large, treeless biome
where the ground is frozen all year.
The ____________________ is a hot, humid biome near
the equator, with heavy rainfall and a wide variety of life.
A ____________________ is a sandy or rocky biome,
with little precipitation and little plant life.
desert
temperate rain forest
tundra
tropical rain forest
Classify
How would you classify the biome
where you live? Give reasons to
support your classification.
Biome
The biome where I
live has 4 seasons
with cold winters
and warm summers.
Deciduous Forest
The leaves on the
trees change color
in the fall.
The trees lose their
leaves in the winter.
End of Lesson
plankton
nekton
benthos
intertidal zone
estuary
What are water ecosystems?
benthos
nekton
Most of Earth’s surface is covered by water.
About 97% of the world’s water is salty
ocean water. The other 3% is fresh water.
plankton
plankton
nekton
benthos
What are freshwater ecosystems?
Rivers and streams are
running-water ecosystems.
Lakes and ponds are
standing-water ecosystems.
Swamps, bogs, and marshes
are freshwater wetlands.
What are ocean ecosystems?
intertidal
zone
Ocean ecosystems are divided into
three zones: the intertidal zone, the
neritic zone, the oceanic zone.
neritic zone
The oceanic zone is further divided into
the bathyal zone and the abyssal zone.
bathyal zone
abyssal zone
Where do salt and fresh water meet?
The boundary where fresh water feeds
into salt water is called an estuary.
Estuaries are unique
ecosystems that are part
salt water and part fresh
water. Estuaries usually
contain salt marshes.
Main Idea
Which water ecosystem contains
most of the world’s water?
Oceans contain most of the
world’s water; it is salt water.
Vocabulary
The shallowest part of the ocean ecosystem is called
the ______________.
The boundary where fresh water feeds into salt water is
called an ______________.
Benthos
______________
are organisms that live on the bottom of
a body of water; many are scavengers and decomposers.
Plankton
______________
are creatures that drift freely in the water.
Nekton
______________
are the larger, active swimmers in water
ecosystems, such as fish, turtles, and whales.
benthos
estuary
intertidal zone
nekton
plankton
Main Idea
and Details
Which freshwater ecosystems get a fresh
supply of water every day? Which do not?
Use details to support your answer.
Main Idea
Some ecosystems
get a fresh supply
of water every day.
Details
Rivers, streams, and
estuaries get a fresh
supply of water every
day.
Lakes and especially
ponds often have the
same water in place.
End of Lesson