Download Causes of Death

The Leading Causes of Death:
Target Objectives:
• We will discuss how disease affects a
person and how to prevent it.
• By the end of class YOU will be able to
understand and discuss the causes of death
and what you can do to reduce YOUR risk.
#10 Septicemia
(BLOOD POISONING)
34,136 deaths/yr
•Complication of serious infection
#9 Nephritis
(KIDNEY DISEASE)
43,901 death/yr
•Injury, poisoning, diabetes, high blood
pressure can lead to kidney failure
#8 PNEUMONIA &
INFLUENZA
63,001 death/yr
•Leading cause of death until 1936
•90% of pneumonia & influenza
deaths occur in persons age 65 and
older
• PNEUMONIA - fluid in
the lungs; from a viral
infection
• SYMPTOMS - fever,
shortness of breath,
coughing, chest pain,
weakness, chills
• TREATMENT antibiotics/hospital care
• PREVENTION - avoid
direct contact with
infected
person/contaminated
objects; get prompt
treatment for respiratory
infections
• INFLUENZA - highly
contagious, viral
respiratory infection
• SYMPTOMS headache, chills,
sneezing, sore throat,
dry cough, body ache,
fever
• TREATMENT - bed
rest, fluids
• PREVENTON - avoid
direct contact with
infected
persons/contaminated
objects; flu shots
#7 ALZHEIMER’S
DISEASE
71,599 deaths/yr
•Progressive disease in which the nerve cells in
the brain degenerate & the brain shrinks in size
•Dementia: affecting thought, memory, language
& function
•Due to brain disease or mental impairment
•Occurs in stages: 1st - loss of interest,
forgetfulness, Depression/anxiety
•2nd - Increased memory loss
•3rd - Disoriented, confused, dependent
# 6 DIABETES
75,119 deaths/yr
•17 million people have diabetes
•16 million people have pre-diabetes
INSULIN
TYPE 2
• Carries blood sugar to • Insulin resistance
cells
• May be controlled
TYPE 1
with diet & exercise
• Produces little or no insulin.
• Affects 92% of
• Requires insulin injections
people with diabetes
• Symptoms: thirst, urination,
•
nausea, hunger, fatigue, weight
loss.
Can strike at any age, typically in
childhood.
SYMPTOMS:
Increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss,
blurred vision, extreme tiredness,
RISK
FACTORS:
Forty
Family
Female
Fat
TREATMENT:
TYPE 1 - Insulin injections
TYPE 2 - Weight loss, Diet
Physical Activity,
Medication
COMPLICATIONS: Blindness, Heart disease, Stroke
Kidney failure, Loss of circulation to legs/feet,
Nerve damage, & Premature death
#5 ACCIDENTS
117,809
ACCIDENTS THAT CAUSE DEATH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Motor vehicles
Falls
Poisoning
Unspecified
Suffocation
6.
7.
8.
9.
Fire/burns
Drowning
Injuries
Other
transportation
10. Airplane
disaster
#4 CHRONIC LOWER
RESPIRATORY DISEASE
130,933 deaths/yr
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
1.
Chronic bronchitis
2. Emphysema
RISK FACTORS- anything that increases
the chance of acquiring a disease
1.
Smoking
2. Age
3. Heredity
4. Pollution
# 3 STROKES
143,579 deaths/yr
•A condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in
the brain
•Caused by blood clot in brain artery, a burst aneurysm, or
head injury
•Warning signs: slurred speech, paralysis on one side of the
body, blurred vision, severe headache, slowed breathing.
•May result in paralysis, disability, or death
•RISK FACTORS: high blood pressure,
smoking, high cholesterol, heart disease,
diabetes
Top View of Brain
Cerebral
hemorrhage
#2 CANCER
559,312 deaths/yr
1.2 million new cases/year
Over 9 million survivors (5+ yrs)
•The uncontrollable division of cells
•CARCINOGEN: anything that causes cancer
•BENIGN TUMOR: non-cancerous/ does not spread.
•MALIGNANT TUMOR: cancerous/can spread
•METASTASIS: the spreading of cancer to other
regions of the body
Health Stats This graph shows the most common cancers in males
and females.
Is lung cancer more common in males or females? Why do
you think this is the case?
MOST COMMON CANCER
(Overhead)
1. MELANOMA (SKIN)
2. MALE - PROSTATE
FEMALE- BREAST
DEADLIEST
CANCER
LUNG
WARNING SIGNS
Change in bowel/bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast/elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
TREATMENTS
SURGERY: If tumors are confined most common
treatment.
RADIATION THERAPY: High-energy radiation to kill
or damage cancer cells;
side effects: fatigue, nausea, vomiting
CHEMOTHERAPY: Anti-cancer drugs; can harm
healthy cells;
side effects: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss
IMMUNOTHERAPY: Immune system is stimulated
to fight cancer
HOW TO REDUCE YOUR
RISK
1.
2.
3.
4.
Know the warning signs
Choose a tobacco free lifestyle
Protect yourself from the sun & avoid tanning booths
Follow dietary guidelines to reduce cancer risk.
EAT: fruits, veggies, & foods high in fiber.
5. Maintain desirable weight & a healthful body
composition.
6. Avoid drinking alcohol.
7. Avoid exposure to dangerous chemicals & airborne
fibers.
8. Get PSA or Mammogram tests every year after age
40.
9. Avoid infection with HIV/STD’s.
10.Know your family’s cancer history.
#1 HEART DISEASE
652,091 death/yr
•Diseases of the heart & blood vessels.
•50 million people have high blood pressure.
•12.6 million people have coronary heart
disease.
•1.1 million heart attacks/yr - 1/2 will die
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
ANGINA
CHEST PAINS
from narrowed
coronary artery
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
•Hardening of the
arteries
•PLAQUE
CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE
•Hearts pumping ability is below
normal & fluid accumulates in
lungs/other parts.
•Caused: heart attack, birth
defects, high blood pressure.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
•Narrowed/blocked
HYPERTENSION: High Blood Pressure
coronary artery.
RHEUMATIC FEVER
•Auto immune action in the heart that
can cause fever, weakness, &
damage to the heart.
•Most common in children/teens
•Results from untreated strep throat
HEART ATTACK
•Death of cardiac
muscle caused
by lack of blood
flow to the heart.
Plaque
HOW TO REDUCE RISK OF
CARIDOVASCULAR DISEASES
1. Maintain a healthy blood cholesterol level - LDL/HDL
200 borderline
>200 high
2. Choose a heart healthy diet.
• Low fat, fruits, veggies, whole grains, lean meat, poultry,
fish, & antioxidants.
3. Avoid tobacco products & secondhand smoke.
4. Maintain healthful blood pressure:
High BP = anything over 140/90
5. Maintain healthful body weight.
6. Participate in regular physical activity.
7. Manage stress:
• Being stressed causes the heart to beat more
than it should, increases resting blood pressure,
& cholesterol levels.
4 RISK FACTORS YOU
CAN’T CONTROL FOR CVD
• AGE
• GENDER- Males more susceptible.
• RACE- Certain ethnic groups have a higher risk
for cardiovascular diseases.
• PREDISPOSITION- Family history, if it runs in
your family it might be a good idea to keep an eye
out for it.
LEADING CAUSES OF
DEATH FOR:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
KIDS
Accidents
Cancer
Congenital
Anomalies
Homicide
Heart disease
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TEENS
Accidents
Suicide
Homicide
Congenital
Anomalies
Cancer