Download Chapter 8 Life`s Structure and Classification

Chapter 8
Life’s Structure and Classification
1. Living Things
2. Classification
3. Cell Structure
4. Viruses
Section 1 Living Things
 Organism
 Any living thing
 Made of cells
 Cell
 The smallest unit of a living thing that carries on the
functions of life
6 Characteristics of Living Things
 Living Things…
 Made of cells
 Grow and Develop
 Respond to Stimuli
 Maintain Homeostasis
 Use Energy
 Reproduce
3 Need of Living Things
 A suitable place to live
 Water
 Food
 Name them for the following organisms.
Section 2: Classification
 All living things are classified using…
 Binomial Nomenclature
 2 word naming system
 Uses organisms Genus and Species
 Scientific Name
 Human
 Homo sapiens
 Whitetail Deer
 Odocoileus virginianus
 Black Bear
 Ursus americanus
 White Oak
 Quercus alba

Brook Trout
 Salvelinus fontinalis
Classification System
 Developed in late 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus.
 7 steps
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
King
Philip
Called
Out
For
Great
Spaghetti
6 Kingdoms of Life
 Animal
 Vertebrates: mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians
 Invertebrates: Insects, arachnids, jellyfish, crustaceans
 Plants
 Flowering plants
 Evergreen plants
 Ferns, mosses, hornworts
 Fungus
 Yeast, molds, mushrooms
 Protista
 Algae
 Eubacteria
 All around us. Live in our stomachs. Others can make us ill.
 Archaebacteria
 Can make their own food. Live in deep sea trenches.
Humans’ classification
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Section 3: Cell Structure
 Anton van Leeuwenhoeck
 Dutch fabric merchant who perfected the microscope.
 Robert Hooke
 Cut a thin slice of cork and viewed it under a microscope.
 Viewed empty little monk “cells”
 Matt Schleiden and Theordor Schwann
 Observed plant and animal cells and concluded that all living
things are made of cells.
 Rudolf Virchow
 Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cell Theory was formed
 All organisms are made of one or more cells.
 The cell is the basic unit of organization in
organisms
 All cells come from other cells
CELL PARTS
Animal Cells
 Cell Memrane
 Protective layer that surrounds the cell and regulates movement into and out






of the cell
Cytoplasm
 Gelatin-like substance that fills the cells and carries on life processes
Ribosomes
 Structure that manufacture proteins
Nucleus
 Contains DNA and controls the cells functions
Mitochondria
 Energy releasing agents, break down food and water
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Series of folded membranes that move materials throughout the cell
Golgi Bodies
 Package and ship materials within the cell and outside of the cell
Plant Cells
 3 differences from animal cells
 Cell Wall
 Stiff outer covering that gives the cell rigidness, shape, and
protection
 Chloroplasts
 Green organelles that capture sunlight and use it for
photosynthesis.
 Contain chlorophyll
 Vacuole
 Water and mineral storing area that needs to be full for the
plant to be rigid.
Cellular Organization
 Cells
 Smallest unit life can be broken down to
 Tissues
 A group of similar cells performing a certain function
 Organs
 A group of tissues performing a function
 Organ system
 A group of organs performing a life sustaining function
 Organism
 A collection of organ systems creating a living creature