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Interwar Period-World War II I. II. Introduction- offensive, destructive and decisive war Interwar Years A. Wilson and Collective Security -Woodrow Wilson believed that WWI would put an end to balance of power politics *Idealist w/14 pts -collective security= threat against one nation is an attack o all nations B. Europe and the 3 Rs: retribution, retaliation, and revenge --not a lot of sentiment towards reconciliation w/’enemy’ in Europe *wanted retribution, retaliation and revenge C. Versailles- Retribution: agreement by Wilson & allies about what to do with the losing parties…vindictive. Wanted Germany to pay back dues (which was an impossible task) -Meeting failed to reestablish the balance of power. -Tried to establish the Weimar Republic in Germany (overly democratic) D. The League of Nations- believed to be exploited by European powers for power politics American disapproval, isolationist (Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles) III. The Road to WWII-Structural Instabilities A. Germany- still maintained former underlying power capabilities *had population, military, industry and ambition to regain states B. Cordon Sanitaire- isolated Soviet Union in order to prevent expansion of communism. -Series of weak states surrounding SU; acted as buffers -believed that national determination of these states will lead to contentment and forego wars. C. Asia- (specifically, JAPAN) -regional economic hegemon -systematically extracted resources from other nearby states to build up their (Japanese) military and weaken others *lacked the raw materials needed to build their empire, most importantly oil IV. The Politics of Multipolarity A. France, Britain, the US -US: - the US was removed from world politics and was unwilling to play the role of leader that their status in the balance of power defined for them. *US navy was quite strong * FDR desired a more active role in European politics, but encountered massive public opposition -from a realist perspective, multipolarity yields instability, uncertainty and faulty alliances -FR: began to work to ensure its own security when it realized that the League of Nations was not going to provide security. -Magino line between FR and G to protect France. -wanted harsher punishments for Germany in the Treaty of Versailles *GB doubted the effectiveness of the Treaty if these punishments were implemented, so they helped FR economically recover because they knew that an economically distraught Germany would be highly unstable -GB: promised FR that if Germany tried to expand west then they would help…did not care if Germany expanded east into Russia -division of interests between allies led to ambiguous results; GB and FR had conflicting views/opinions B. The Soviet Union- weakened by WWI and the revolution of Stalin -1921: producing 13% of capability and income was 60% less than at prewar levels -1926: production was back at levels before war -Realized the German threat and that the balance of power was not going to stop it *bandwagoning w/ Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939 C. Appeasement- Hitler decided Germans in Czechoslovakia deserved self-determination *GB PM Chamberlin granted him that V. Hitler- in a bipolar system, it would have been clear who had to oppose the German threat, while multipolar, post-WWI world was less clear and had no single state who could oppose Hitler and Germany by themselves. -September 1, 1939: Invasion of Poland, GB & FR declare war on G *US neutrality laws ban sales of arms to combatants cash and carry plan -October 11, 1939: meeting between Einstein and FDRManhattan Project VI. Planning for WWII