Download Skeletal and muscular systems

Skeletal System Functions

Support – structural
support for the body
Movement

Muscles attach to
certain points on
bone which when
contracted/relaxed
allow movement
Protection

Protect softer/vital
organs from injury
Homeostasis

Stores calcium and
phosphorus


These 2 minerals
work together to
create and maintain
bones
Also, help in energy
production(ATP) and
pH
buffering(neutralize
acids)
Storage

Energy reserve –
lipids stored in
yellow marrow
Blood Cell Production




Red Marrow
produces red and
white blood cells
and platelets
Red – carry oxygen
White – fight
disease
Platelets – stop
bleeding/form clots
About 10 min
to work on this
worksheet
At the end of
10 min we will
fill this out as a
class with your
help
Osteoporosis

Fragile bones due to loss of bone mass
 More common in older adults
 Increased risk of bone fracture/break
 Can be prevented with a proper diet
○ Get enough calcium – dairy, leafy greens
○ Get outside – vitamin D aids calcium
absorption
Leukemia

Cancer in bone marrow and lymphatic
systems
 Bone marrow produces abnormal white
blood cells
 Persistent fatigue, bone pain
 Chemotherapy, Pharmaceuticals, Radiation,
Bone Marrow Transplant
Muscular System
Movement – muscles contract causing
movement of limbs and fluids
 Posture – maintain upright position
 Heat Production – contract and cause
blood to flow to the needed area
 Joint Stability – holds joints and bones in
place

Types of Muscle
–
voluntary, when
contracted
moves body
parts (insertion)
closer to bone
attachment point
(origin)
 Skeletal
Cardiac
 Involuntary,
autorhythmic –
stimulates itself
in response to
signals from
brain
 Pumps blood
throughout body
Visceral/Smooth
Involuntary
 Blood vessels, stomach, intestines and
others
 Pump various fluids throughout the body
 Smooth muscle

Sarcomere
Steps of Contraction
Brain sends signal to motor neuron
 Neurotransmitter (ACh) is released and
binds to receptors
 Myosin binds to actin
 Actin is pulled which shortens
sarcomere
 Muscle is contracted

If done correctly
Why do muscles get bigger when
flexed?

When the sarcomere shortens more of
the muscle is moved into a certain area
Why do muscles fatigue?

Energy sources such as ATP, glycogen
and creatine phosphate are depleted
Muscular Dystrophy

Various inherited diseases that cause
muscles to progressively weaken over
time
Myotonic
Most common MD
 Affects men and women
 Prolonged spasm or stiffening of
muscles
 Affects CNS, heart, gastrointestinal
tract, eyes,

Breathing weakness
BiPAP – Bilevel positive airway pressure
device
 Pumps air into lungs during the night

Cognitive
Educational strategies
 Medications that increase alertness and
attention
