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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 Questionnaire to Assist in the Development of a High Temperature Superconductivity Roadmap Document This questionnaire is being developed on behalf of the International Energy Agency’s Implementing Agreement on High Temperature Superconductivity (IEA IA-HTS).1 The data collected from this questionnaire will be used as input for a HTS Roadmap Document for 2015-2030. The Roadmap will help to: describe the current state of the art and where the industry and other stakeholders are heading in the future; identify what the challenges and needs are for integrating superconducting based devices into electric grids across the world; inform decision makers about benefits of HTS investments; and ensure that HTS applications are part of both IEA and country energy strategy/initiatives to help modernize the energy sector. After the information is collected, it will be summarized and shared with the respondents. The sources for the information will remain anonymous. If there are questions that are not applicable or if you prefer not to answer, then please leave them blank. Your input is critical in helping develop this roadmap document and we very much appreciate your assistance by completing this by November 28, 2014 (extended to December 15, 2014). In this questionnaire there are six short sections to be answered depending on your main field of experience. 1 Survey Section To be answered by 1) Interviewee background All 2) Background All 3) Technical challenges and needs All 4) HTS material and cooling requirements for device manufacturers Device manufacturers 5) Market competitive factors of price and production quantity All 6) General Perspective All The purpose of the IEA IA-HTS is to assess the challenges and needs to advance superconductivity from laboratory projects to devices that will significantly improve the generation, transmission, distribution and use of electric power. More information can be found at http://superconductivityiea.rse-web.it. 1 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 Section 1: Interviewee Background Q1. Please provide background information about yourself (if you prefer then leave the name field blank) Name Title, Job Position* Industry Field** Country *Academic Researcher, Government Researcher, Industry Researcher, Executive (CEO, President, Owner…), Project Manager, Other (please specify) **Academia/University, National Laboratory, Utility, Commercial and Industrial Sector, Other (please specify) Section 2: Background Q2. On what type of conductor/refrigeration system/device are you focusing on at present? Please mark the corresponding boxes 1) Conductor □YBCO □Bi2223 □Bi2212 2) Refrigeration and cooling system for HTS □GM 3) HTS Devices □Cable □Transformer □Stirling □MgB2 □Turbo-Brayton □Pulse-tube □Others □FCL □Rotating Machine □SMES □Other (please specify if other)___________ Q3. What are the typical properties of Q2 above? Note: If you are only working on conductors, then only provide technical properties data for subsection 1 below. Please make a copy and complete the table if you’re studying more than 1 conductor. This is the same for subsections 2 and 3 for refrigeration systems and devices. 1) Conductor (Please provide data that is not from the best production run, but for an average wire that could be sold). Ic at 0T (A/cm)* at 77K or 20K for length (m) >100m Ic at 3T or other fields at 77K, 20K, or for length (A/cm)* other temperatures (m)>100m Production Capacity (km/year) Maximum unit length (m) Application** If there are any other properties such as Ic homogenization, AC loss and so on, please add rows. *please multiply the factor if you use a smaller width than 1cm or please specify here the sample size and form; e.g. 0.8mm dia. (This is the same for all the Ic in the tables below.) ** If known, please indicate which application the wire will be used in. Cable, FCL, Rotating Machine (Generator, Motor), SMES, Transformer, General purpose or others (please specify in the column). 2 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 2) Refrigeration system (for HTS device). Maintenance Cooling Power COP Others* Application** Interval ( ) W at ( ) K ( ) hours * If you provide the system (such as coolant and pump), please specify here or add a row. ** Cable, FCL, Rotating Machines (Generator, Motor), SMES, Transformer, General purpose or others (please specify in the column). 3) HTS Device (choose one of the columns to complete depending on your device). Rotating Cable FCL SMES Transformer machine Typical □ AC ( ) kV ( ) MW ( ) MW ( ) kV/( ) kV Specifications □ DC ( )A ( ) rpm ( ) MJ ( ) MW ( ) kV ( ) A*** ( )A ( )A ( )A ( ) T*** ( ) T*** ( ) T*** Conductor* Refrigeration or System ( )K ( )K ( )K ( )K ( )K Application** * Bi2223, YBCO, MgB2, or Bi2212 ** Please specify applications such as transmission line, distribution line, renewable energy application, data center line, SMES for voltage dip compensation application. *** Here, A means such as Iop (operational current) for HTS field winding. T (Tesla) means a magnetic field by HTS. Section 3: Technical Challenges and Needs Q4. In which phase is your work in now and when could it to proceed to the next phase in the commercialization pathway? An example is given below using an “X” to show the product moving along the pathway (Table I). In addition, please provide details (any technical characteristics) about how the project will be different in each timeframe (Table II). (Please delete the cable example below). *If this question does not apply to you then please leave it blank. Table I: Project Pathway (Please overwrite Cable example.) EXAMPLE - Cable Today 2020 Research and X Development Demonstration in the field X (3km length) Initial market penetration Mass production with improvement (Competition & Growth) Widespread Market Adoption (Stable Growth) 2025 2030 X (1cable) X (3 cables) X (10 cables) 3 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 Table II: Expected Performance for each timeframe. (Please overwrite Cable example.) If you are a wire manufacturer, please provide data that is not from the best production run for a short sample, but for a long (>100m) sample on average. If you are conducting basic research, for instance like a university professor, please estimate these data. EXAMPLE - Cable Type Length, m Today 2020 3 Phase Coaxial-Single 1000-2500 3 Phase Coaxial-Single >3000 Rated Voltage, kV/Current, A 10/2300 Capacity, MVA 40 2025 Reasonably low loss including refrigeration others 2030 Reliability for long run operation and fail safe measures against accidents Q5. What are the technical challenges and the needs to overcome these challenges for your application to proceed along the commercialization pathway? What are the metrics for these challenges? See examples below. *Please share your comments even if you are not currently involved in a project. (Please delete the wire example below.) Technical Challenges (or problems) Long length quality control using in-line process control Effective Pinning Centers Needs to overcome these challenges (or potential solutions) High-throughput methods to control the quality of the precursors and deposited films will greatly enhance the manufacturing yield. The XX application needs an increase in Ic in the magnetic field, without changing the wire thickness. So we need the Today’s baseline -2020 Milestones -2025 -2030 Manufactu Improve ring yield ment of is Y yield by 25% over baseline Improvem ent of yield by 50% over baseline Improveme nt of yield by 100% over baseline 100A/cm 300 (e.g. at 3T, 20K) 500 Depends on the market 4 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 effective pinning centers. Methods to In some reduce AC loss, applications, increase such as XX with stability a high ramping (Multi-filamenta speed to Iop or a rization, high cycling operation resistive barrier current, we need around to reduce AC filaments…) losses. *Other examples include homogenization of Ic, high Je (engineering current density), superconducting junction etc. Is your application targeted for commercialization later than 2030 (Widespread Market Adoption in Q5, Table I)? If so, when? What other Challenges do you have? When: Challenges: Section 4: HTS material and cooling requirements for device manufacturers The questions in this section are specific to device manufacturers about requirements for further developments. (If there are questions that are not applicable or if you prefer not to answer, then please leave it blank.) Q6. What are your requirements for HTS components (Wire, Refrigeration) for your device in the commercialization process? Your Device Type: For wire*: For refrigeration system: *such as low cost, homogenization, reliability (maintenance term), delivery time and so on for properties, and standardization, unit length, one order quantity, inspection process and so on for manufacturing process. 5 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 Q7. What Ic of the wire do you currently use in your device and which will you request in the next phase of your project (or in your next proposed project) and when and why will it be needed? Wire Current Next Step When? kind of wire kind of wire (YBCO, (YBCO, Bi2223..) Bi2223..) >1000A/cm* 700-1000* 500-700* X (example) 2016 Why? - For compactness of application 300-500* 100-300* X (example) <100* *please multiply the factor if you use smaller width than 1cm or please specify here the sample size and form; e.g. 0.8mm dia. Q8. What magnetic field are you currently using and which will you request in the next phase of your project (or in your next proposed project)? Wire Current Next step When? kind of wire kind of wire (YBCO, (YBCO, Bi2223..) Bi2223..) >10T 5-10 2-5 1-2 <1 X (example) 2016 Why? For high application power X (example) Q9. What temperature and cooling system are you 1) currently using and will you use or 2) improve in the next step (or in your next project)? Next step* Characteristics Current* By When? 77 K (LN2) 65 K ~20 K (LH2) GM or LH2 X (high power xxkW) 2016 4.2K (LiqHe) others *such as GM, Stirling, Turbo-Brayton, Pulse-tube, liquid (N2, H2, He) circulation and pump, others and so on Q10. If you would like to change or improve your refrigeration system, what is the reason and purpose? 6 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 Section 5: Market Competitive Factors of Price and Production Quantity Q11. For all: What price of the wire will be competitive in each phase? (not limited to your existing product.) Please mark the row with an X. If not applicable, please leave the row blank. Prototype and demonstration device Initial market Mass production penetration with improvement (Competition & Growth) Widespread Market Adoption (Stable Growth) >US$ 300/kAm* 100-300 X 50-100 X 25-50 X 10-25 X 5-10 <5 *at operation condition of each application to buy wire. Gray X in the column is an example. Please delete when filling in. Please add any comments about the commercial price target: X Q12. For All: What volume of wire will be needed in your device*? Please mark the row with an X (with no. of devices and each year achieved). If not applicable, please leave the row blank. If you are a wire manufacturer, please write your production plan which you can do now and in the future. If not applicable, please leave it blank. Application 2014 /Year Cable R&D >1000 km/year 500-1000 300-500 100-300 50-100 25-50 10-25 2016 2020 Prototype Initial and market demonstra penetration tion device 2025 Mass production with improvement (Competition & Growth) 2030 Widespread Market Adoption (Stable Growth) X(>10) X(5) X(2) X (1) X (1device /year) <25 *please indicate the maximum amount you think you will need Gray X in the column is an example. Please delete when filling in. 7 IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire Oct. 3, 2014 Section 6: General Perspective Q13. For all: What is your opinion and reason for the most promising (in terms of market size) HTS applications in your country/region (please specify) for the two cases below? Case 1) Among power application devices (such as Windmill generator, FCL in a distribution line…): Case 2) In other fields (like MRI, NMR, Maglev-train, High-field magnet …): * If you have any references (websites, articles, etc) related to your answers, please attach those in your reply. Q14. For all (Free description): If you have any other perspectives or general opinions in HTS R&D, please write it here. Also, we welcome your comments related to the questionnaire, itself, for our subsequent work. ----This is the end of questionnaire. Thank you for your cooperation.--- 8