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Digestive System
Chapter 24
Digestive Tract
Figure 24–1 The Components of the Digestive System.
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Digestive Tract
Figure 24–1 The Components of the Digestive System.
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Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7xKYNz9
AS0&feature=related
The Oral Cavity
Oral Cavity
Teeth
Figure 24–6a The Oral Cavity.
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Oral Cavity
Frenulum of the
Upper Lip
Figure 24–6b The Oral Cavity.
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Oral Cavity
Figure 24–6a The Oral Cavity.
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Dentin
Tubule
LE Figure 24-8a
Teeth
Teeth
LE Figure 24-9b
LE 24-9c
Maxilla exposed
to show developing
permanent teeth
Erupted deciduous
teeth
First and second
molars
Mandible exposed to
show developing
permanent teeth
Exposed unerupted teeth
Oral Cavity
Figure 24–7 The Salivary Glands.
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The Esophagus
Layers of the Esophagus
The Esophagus
Figure 24–11 The Swallowing Process.
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The Esophagus
Figure 24–11 The Swallowing Process.
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The Esophagus
Figure 24–11 The Swallowing Process.
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The Esophagus
Figure 24–11 The Swallowing Process.
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The Stomach
Digestive Tract
Stomach
Figure 24–2b Organization of Mesenteries in an Adult.
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Digestive Tract
Figure 24–2d Sagittal Section Showing the Mesenteries of an Adult.
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The Stomach
Figure 24–12b The Structure of the Stomach Wall.
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Cardiac sphincter
Fundus
Cardiac region
Lesser curvature
Pyloric sphincter
Body
Greater curvature
Pyloric canal
Pyloric antrum
LE 24-12
Diaphragm
Fundus
Esophagus
Right lobe of liver
Cardia
Spleen
Lesser omentum
Lesser curvature
Duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
Body
Greater curvature
with greater
omentum attached
Pylorus
Greater
omentum
Cardiac
Notch
Esophagus
Cardia
Lesser curvature
(medial surface)
Pylorlic
sphincter
Anterior
surface
Fundus
Body
Duodenum
Rugae
Pyloric canal
Pylorus
Pyloric antrum
Greater curvature
(lateral surface)
The Spleen
Spleen
Endoscopy Video of the Stomach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L
n09qihUi3g
The Stomach
Figure 24–13b The Stomach Lining.
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The Stomach
Figure 24–15 The Phases of Gastric Secretion.
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The Stomach
Figure 24–15 The Phases of Gastric Secretion.
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The Stomach
Figure 24–15 The Phases of Gastric Secretion.
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The Small Intestine
Figure 24–16 Segments of the Intestine.
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The Small Intestine
• The Duodenum
– The segment of small intestine closest to
stomach
– 25 cm (10 in.) long
– “Mixing bowl” that receives chyme from stomach
and digestive secretions from pancreas and liver
– Functions of the duodenum
– To receive chyme from stomach
– To neutralize acids before they can damage the
absorptive surfaces of the small intestine
The Small Intestine
• The Jejunum
– Is the middle segment of small intestine
– 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) long
– Is the location of most
• Chemical digestion
• Nutrient absorption
The Small Intestine
• The Ileum
– The final segment of small intestine
– 3.5 meters (11.48 ft) long
– Ends at the ileocecal valve, a sphincter that
controls flow of material from the ileum into the
large intestine
The Large Intestine
Figure 24–23a The Gross Anatomy and Regions of the Large Intestine.
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The Large Intestine
Figure 24–24 The Gross Anatomy and Regions of the Large Intestine.
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The Large Intestine
• Physiology of the Large Intestine
– Less than 10% of nutrient absorption occurs in
large intestine
– Prepares fecal material for ejection from the body
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The Large Intestine
• Absorption in the Large Intestine
– Reabsorption of water
– Reabsorption of bile salts
• In the cecum
• Transported in blood to liver
– Absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria
– Absorption of organic wastes
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A Normal Colonoscopy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6
kg5wZQfADQ
The Liver
The Liver
Figure 24–19b, c The Anatomy of the Liver.
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The Liver
Figure 24–19b, c The Anatomy of the Liver.
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LE 24-19c
Coronary ligament
Left hepatic vein
Inferior vena cava
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Porta hepatis
Quadrate lobe
Gallbladder
Renal
Impression
Right lobe
Colic
Impression
Posterior surface
LE 24-21a
Round ligament
Left hepatic
duct
Left hepatic
artery
Common
hepatic duct
Cut edge of
lesser
omentum
Right hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Fundus
Gallbladder
Body
Neck
Hepatic
portal vein
Common bile
duct
Common
hepatic
artery
Liver
Duodenum
Right gastric
artery
Stomach
Pancreas
Digestive Tract
Figure 24–2c Mesenteries: Anterior View of the Empty Peritoneal Cavity.
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The Liver
Figure 24–19a The Anatomy of the Liver.
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The Pancreas
The Gallbladder
Coordination of Secretion and Absorption
Figure 24–22 The Activities of Major Digestive Tract Hormones.
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Coordination of Secretion and Absorption
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Coordination of Secretion and Absorption
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Common Diseases
• Stomach Ulcers
• Acid Reflux/GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux
disease)
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Ulcerative Colitis
Stomach Ulcer
Ulcerative Colitis
Common Diseases
•
•
•
•
Diverticulitis
Pancreatic Cancer
Barrett’s Esophagus
Crohn’s Disease
Diverticulitis
Common Diseases
• Pancreatitis
• Appendicitis
• Gastroenteritis
Pancreatitis
Common Diseases
• Tonsillitis
• Hemorrhoids
• Laryngitis
Tonsillitis
Laryngitis
Endoscopy with Ulcers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n
cHcpzCnjGQ&feature=related
Colonoscopy of Patient with
Rectal Cancer with Hemerroids
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n
GyzZyxMxkk&feature=related