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Phylum Cnidaria • “Stinging” • Examples: Jellyfish, coral, anemones, hydra Traits • Radial symmetry Traits • 2 cell layers with a gelatin layer in between Traits • Net-like nervous system Traits • No brain Traits • Blind sac (incomplete) digestive system – only one opening Traits • Nematocysts – stinging cells Traits • aquatic Body forms • Polyp – sessile or semisessile, mouth is upward Body forms • Medusa – free swimming, mouth is downward Hydra Hydra structure • Ectoderm – outside layer of cells • Endoderm – inside layer of cells • Mesoglea – middle layer of jelly Hydra structure • Mouth – entrance to the digestive system, also serves as the anus – when they release wastes, some of the good food is lost also Brown Hydra eating Hydra structure • Gastrovascular cavity – digestive cavity Hydra structure • Tentacles – arm-like structures around the mouth Hydra structure • Nematocysts – the stinging cells Hydra structure • Basal disk – attaches the hydra to the substrate Hydra structure • Gonads – a gamete producing organ (of either sex) • Testes – the male gonad – produces sperm • Ovary – the female gonad – produces eggs Reproduction • Asexual – through regeneration or budding Reproduction • Sexual – the testes release sperm into the water, enter the ovaries of another hydra, fertilize the eggs Reproduction • Hermaphrodite – a monoecious animal – has both sex organs Jelly fish • Medusa stage is dominant – reproduce sexually; as polyps, they reproduce asexually Jelly fish life cycle Jelly fish • Box jelly – has the most dangerous sting to humans Box Jellyfish Box Jellyfish • Along with causing excruciating pain for weeks, the animal's venom is capable of stopping the heart or paralyzing the lungs. The venom will also slowly eat away at the skin. Jellyfish Jellyfish Red-eyed medusa Jellyfish Jellyfish Jellyfish Lion’s mane Jellyfish Purple lion’s mane Crown Jellyfish Sea Nettle Jelly and diver Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan Beached Jelly fish Portuguese Man 0’ War NOT a true jelly fish Made of a colony of individual creatures called zooids – each specialized to do a job Habitat Floats on surface of warm oceans, relies on wind, currents, and tides to move it Size – sail (floating bladder) is 12” while the tentacles can be 30 to 100 ft long Don’t get Stung Not usually fatal but can cause shock and really hurt Anemones and coral • Spend their entire lives as polyps Giant Sea Anemone Pink Bubble Tip Anemone Rosy Sea Anemone Clown fish with sea anemone Brain Coral Coral Elkhorn Coral Cabbage Coral Flower Coral Feather Coral Gorgonian Fan Coral Lamellina Coral Sea Fan Reefs • The skeletal remains of coral Formation of reefs • Corals secrete a calcium carbonate skeleton to protect their soft polyps • Every year, 1-8 inches is added to the reef Barrier reef • Large reefs several miles from shore Barrier reef - Great Barrier Reef – largest structure on Earth made by a living thing Marginal reefs • Smaller reefs within a mile of shore Atolls • Reef around a submerged mountain Economic effects • Negative – sting us, coral wrecks ships or forces us to sail around them Economic effects • Benefits - construction material, jewelry, decoration, a few are eaten
