Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Inverts Continued - Cy
Document related concepts
Transcript
Inverts Continued Kingdom Animalia • Characteristics: – Multicellular- Made of more than one cell – Heterotrophic- must consumer things for food – Eukaryotic- Cells contain a nucleus and organelles • Invertebrates – No backbone – More primitive organisms – Make up ~96% of all marine organisms Invertebrates- Review • Phylum Porifera – – – – – – Simplest of all animals Sessile: are attached to something, and do not move No true tissues or organs Strictly filter feeders Asymmetrical (no way to divide the body equally in half) Some have Radial Symmetry- can be divided equally many ways through a central axis. Cnidarians Jellyfish, Coral, Hydra, Sea Anenome Classification • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Cnidarian – Examples: • • • • Anthozoa Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Cubozoa General Characteritics – Multicellular & Eukaryotic – Oldest organism to show true tissue and systems • Levels of organization= Cells & Tissues • Many have nematocysts (stinging cells or cnidoblasts) – Gastrovascular Cavity (coelenteron) with single opening• Mouth and anus = same opening MANUS General Characteristics – Nervous System – All live in aquatic ecosystem • Most marine • Few Freshwater – Hydrostatic Skeleton- Water pressure holds body shape – Radial Symmetry Radial Symmetry • Symmetry around a central axis. – Definite mouth/ anus – No definite head Body Forms • Polyp – Cylindrical body- with oral and aboral ends – Oral end with tentacles surrounding hypostome & mouth – Sessile and reproduce asexually – Ex. Hydra, Sea Anenome, Corals Body Forms Body Forms • Medusa – Named after the mythical creature – Motile- Free swimming – Bell (umbrella) shaped body • Jellyfish Respiration • Body is only 2 cell layers thick to allow diffusion – Diffuses oxygen and nutrients from cell to cell & environment to cell – Diffuses wastes from cell to cell & cell to environment Reproduction • Sexually by fertilization of egg and sperm forming free swimming larvae • Asexually through budding Ecological Role • • • • Predators and prey Neurotoxins in medical research Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!) Coral reefs - habitat for many – great biodiversity – protect coastline • Symbiosis with other organisms Nematocyst • Type of cell – Specialized for stinging • Most abundant in tentacles • Function: – Primarily Food capture – Protection – Most contain poison (neurotoxin) Nematocysts • Cnidoblasts- actual cell Tentacles • Location- radially around the hypostome and mouth • Structure- same as body wall, but with many more nematocysts • Function- food capture, defense and locomotion (in motile forms) Body Wall (sac like body) • 3 layers – Outer epidermis (Ectoderm) – Middle- mesoglea (nonliving jelly) – Inner- Gastrodermis (Endoderm) Gastrovascular Cavity • AKA- Coeloenteron • Location- inner body cavity – May be partitioned by septa (Sectioned off) – Fluid filled • Function- digestion of food – Circulation of digested food throughout gastrovascular Cavity Gastrovascular Cavity • Single opening to the environment – Mouth is also the anus – Located on the cone shaped elevation (hypostome) • Extracellular digestion – Enzymes secreted into GVC – Cells absorb nutrients through diffusion Types of Cells- Epidermis • Epidermal Cells – Derived from ectoderm – Consists of a single layer of cells that are varied from flat (Squamous) to tall (Columnar) – May be ciliated or flagellated Types of Cells- Epidermis • Nematocysts – “Stinging Cells” – Tiny capsule containing a coiled “thread” or filament that shoots out like a harpoon • End has sharp barb • Contains neurotoxin • Paralyzes even kills prey Types of Cells- Epidermis • Mucous Cells – Tall cells around the mouth and basal plate that secrete an adhesive substance for attachment and sometimes a gas bubble for floating Types of Cells- Epidermis • Sensory Cells – Form Nerve Net – Concentrated near mouth, tentacles, and basal plate – Receptors for touch, temperature, light, and other stimuli. Class Hydrozoa • Polyp phase is dominant • Generally microscopic • Generally freshwater Class Hydrozoa • Mythical Hydra from which they were named Class Hydrozoa: Green Hydra Hydra Brown Hydra with buds Brown Hydra eating Hydra eating Daphnia Class Scyphozoa • Jelly fish or Jellies • Medusa stage is dominant • Come in a variety of forms • Predators • Can be dangerous to humans Class Scyphozoa: True Jellyfish Jellyfish Jellyfish Red-eyed medusa Jellyfish Jellyfish Jellyfish Lion’s mane Jellyfish Purple lion’s mane Upside down Jelly fish Upside down Jelly fish Sea Nettle Jelly and diver Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan Beached Jelly fish Jelly fish Humor Portuguese Man 0’ War (a Hydrozoan), NOT a true jelly fish Portuguese Man 0’ War Tentacles of Physalia physalis Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fish Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish Chironex fleckeri the Box jelly fish Class Anthozoa • Plant looking animals • Polyp form is dominant • Corals build calcium shells/ skeletons to protect themselves – Have symbiotic relationship with algae: zooxanthellae • Can build extensive masses called reefs – Can form land masses as result Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones Sea Anemones (with sea urchins) Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemone Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone Clown fish with sea anemone Giant Sea Anemone Rosy Sea Anemone Class Anthozoa: Corals Brain Coral Coral Colt Coral Elkhorn Coral Cabbage Coral Flower Coral Feather Coral Gorgonian Fan Coral Lamellina Coral Sun Coral Subergorgia Coral Soft Coral Sea Pen Sea Fan Sea Plume Phylum Ctenophora • Comb Jellies • Comb rows and cilia help aid in movement • Two types – Tentaculata- tentacles covered in colloblasts that stick to their prey – Nuda- no tentacles • Some bioluminescent Ctenophores Ctenophores “Tell me what you know” • On your sheet of paper: – Write your first and last name in the upper left hand corner – Write today’s date 2/22/16 in the upper right hand corner – Write Adams-6 beneath the date • Length requirement is 1 page Prompt: • Imagine you are diving in a coral reef. Write the types of organisms that coral is made of and why coral is important. Describe as much detail about the coral and its inhabitants as you can. You should include types of symmetry, symbiosis, feeding interactions, habitats, depths, etc. Anything that you have learned that can be applied to this ecosystem is fair game. The more you write the better your score! – This short essay should be well written in your neatest handwriting.
