Download Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory Unit packet

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: ______
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CP2 UNIT PACKET FOR the Circulatory, Excretory and
Respiratory Systems
OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to…
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:
1. Match each of the parts of the respiratory system to its correct function
30.1: The circulatory system transports materials throughout the body:
2. Identify the key functions of the organs of the circulatory system
3. Compare and contrast the main types of blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins)
4. Explain how chemicals (nutrients, wastes, oxygen and carbon dioxide, in particular) are
exchanged between the blood and other tissues
30.2: The heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system:
5. List the two circuits through which blood is pumped and explain why each depends on the
other
6. Explain why valves are important structures in the heart
7. Explain what the sound of the heart beat (“lup dupp”) is due to
8. Given a diagram of a heart, diagram the flow of blood through the heart
9. Label the following on a diagram of the heart: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right
ventricle, left lung, right lung, valve, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
10. Match each of the parts of the respiratory system to its correct function
30.5: The respiratory system exchanges gases between blood and air
11. Explain how the diaphragm helps us breathe
12. Label the following parts of the respiratory system on a diagram:
a. Voice box, trachea, epiglottis, sinuses, throat, nose, nasal chamber, bronchus, lung,
diaphragm, bronchioles
13. Explain how the respiratory system provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
14. Diagram gas exchange in capillaries in the lungs and in capillaries in body cells
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
15. Match each of the parts of the respiratory system to its correct function
32.1: Homeostasis depends on mechanisms of regulation:
16. Define excretion
32.2: The kidneys function in excretion and water balance:
17. Describe the function of the excretory system
18. Describe the function of the kidney
32.3: The liver helps maintain homeostasis:
19. Describe the excretory function of the liver
KEY TERMS:
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
30.1: The circulatory system transports materials throughout the body
Artery: vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
Blood: fluid connective tissue of the circulatory system
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Capillary: microscopic blood vessel that carries blood between an artery and a vein,
allowing the exchange of substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid
Circulatory system: body system that transports wastes and nutrients throughout
the body.
Heart: multi-chambered, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Interstitial fluid: fluid found between cells
Lymph: fluid similar to interstitial fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system
Vein: vessel that returns blood to the heart
30.2: The heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system
Aorta: artery that carries blood directly from the heart to the rest of the body
Atrium: heart chamber that receives blood returning to the heart from other parts of
the body
Pacemaker: region of the heart that sets the rate at which the heart contracts
Pulmonary circuit: blood flow between the heart and lungs
Systemic circuit: blood flow between the hart and the rest of the body except lungs
Valve: flap of tissue in heart that prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction
Ventricle: heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart
30.3: Blood consists of cells suspended in plasma:
Hemoglobin: iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for
delivery to cells
Plasma: liquid portion of blood made of water, dissolved salts, proteins, etc.
Platelet: fragment of a blood cell involved in blood clotting
Red blood cell: blood cell containing hemoglobin, which transports oxygen
White blood cell: blood cell that defends the body against infections and cancer
30.4: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States
Cardiovascular disease: illness of the heart and / or blood vessels
Heart attack: condition that occurs when an artery becomes blocked, disrupting
blood flow to the heart
Hypertension: high blood pressure
Plaque: deposits that build up on artery walls and can lead to cardiovascular disease
Stroke: damage to the brain tissue resulting from a clot blocking blood flow to the
brain
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
30.5: The respiratory system exchanges gases between blood and air
Alveoli: tiny air sacs in lungs that exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood
Bronchi: two large tubes that carry air from the trachea to the lungs
Bronchioles: many smaller tubes that deliver air to the lungs
Diaphragm: muscle that contracts to help lungs bring in oxygen and expel CO2
Epiglottis: flap that closes over the windpipe when swallowing. Prevents objects
from entering windpipe
Trachea: tube that carries air to the lungs
Respiratory system: system that provides cells with oxygen, and removes carbon
dioxide from the body.
Carbon dioxide: picked up from cells as waste, and transported by the blood to the
lungs, and then exhaled.
Oxygen: picked up in the lungs and transported to cells in the body
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: ______
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM:
32.1: Homeostasis depends on mechanisms of regulation:
Excretion: removal of nitrogen-containing wastes from the body
32.2: The kidneys function in excretion and water balance:
Kidney: organ that produces urine and filters blood
Urine: a liquid composed of water, urea and other waste products
Ureter: tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder: temporarily stores urine until it can be eliminated from the body
Urethra: passageway for urine to leave the body
32.3: The liver helps maintain homeostasis: (NONE)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: ______
NOTES: CIRCULATORY (CARDIOVASCULAR) SYSTEM
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Concepts 30.1-30.3
The Circulatory System Transports Materials Throughout the Body (Concept 30.1)
Parts of the Circulatory System
• Blood – tissue made of cells and liquid parts
• Heart – multi-chambered muscular organ that pumps blood
• Blood Vessels – carry blood throughout the body
– Arteries – carries blood away from the heart
– Veins – carries blood to the heart
– Capillaries – link between arteries and veins, and also allows exchange of materials (nutrients, wastes,
oxygen, carbon dioxide) between the capillaries and the surrounding cells
Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Some differences between arteries and veins
• Arteries
– Blood flows FROM heart
– Made of thick layers of tissue
– Blood is pushed by pressure from heart
– No valves in arteries
Veins
– Blood flows TO heart
– Made of thin layers of tissue
– Blood is pushed by skeletal muscle contractions
– Valves in veins to keep blood flow only towards the heart
–
Chemical Exchange Between Blood and Body Tissues
• Capillaries are in close contact with cells in your body.
• Function of capillaries: the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to your body cells, and the removal of waste
products from your body cells (all by diffusion)
–
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The Heart Pumps Blood Throughout the Circulatory System (Concept 30.2)
Two Circuits of Blood Flow
• Blood flows through two pathways in
your body:
1. Pulmonary circuit: connects
heart and lungs
2. Systemic circuit: connects the
heart to all cells in the body
other than the lungs
• Blood flows through both circuits at once
The Heart
• Has Four Chambers:
– 2 Atria – receive blood (one from
lungs, one from the rest of the
body)
– 2 Ventricles – pump blood out of
the heart (one to the lungs, one
to the rest of the body)
• Has Valves:
– Which prevent blood from
flowing backwards in the heart.
Flow of Blood In the Heart & Body
• Oxygen rich blood pumped from lungs to
the Left atrium
• Then to the Left ventricle
• Pumped to rest of body through the aorta and through other arteries
• Blood enters capillaries and delivers oxygen & nutrients to cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste
• Oxygen depleted blood returns to the heart through various veins
• Blood enters the right atrium
• Then enters the right ventricle
• Pumped to both lungs, then to left atrium (see above)
Blood Consists of Cells Suspended in Plasma (Concept 30.3)
The Make Up of Blood
• Blood is made of cells suspended in plasma:
– Plasma: a liquid made of water, salts, proteins and other substances
– Red blood cells: contain a protein (hemoglobin) that delivers oxygen to body cells
– White blood cells: fight infection
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NOTES: THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Concept 30.5)
Functions of the Respiratory System
 Bring Oxygen into the body
 Expel Carbon Dioxide from the body
Parts of the Respiratory System
 Nose & Nasal Chamber: As you breathe in, air enters the nose.
o Hairs trap dust particles.
o Mucus keeps the air moist.
 Air is cooled or warmed, depending on the outside temperature.
 Epiglottis: Before entering the the windpipe, the epiglottis opens. It closes over the windpipe when we swallow.
 Trachea: The windpipe. This is a short tube that branches off into the lungs. It is composed of rings of
cartilage.
 Bronchi: These are the two tubes that branch off the trachea and carry air into the right and left lungs.
 Bronchioles: These are the smaller branches that form tiny tubes in the lungs
 Alveoli: These are the tiny “AIR SACS” of the lung, where carbon dioxide is given off and Oxygen is taken in.
o Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.
o Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs
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Gas Exchange
 Gas exchange occurs between the blood and
the alveoli.
 Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the plasma,
through the walls of the capillaries, and into the
alveoli
 Oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli, through the
capillaries and into the hemoglobin of red
blood cells.
The Importance of Oxygen and Energy
 Cells die after a few minutes without oxygen
because they run out of energy.
 Remember: cells use oxygen that you breathe
and food that you eat to produce energy (ATP)
to do work for your body.
 ATP is made in the process called cellular
respiration.
Breathing
 Breathing is the result of the increase and
decrease of pressure in the chest cavity.
 The chest cavity is surrounded by the ribs
 A sheet-like muscle, the diaphragm, separates the inside of your chest from the organs of the digestive system
 When the diaphragm is relaxed, it pushes up against the lungs and the space gets smaller
 The soft lungs are squeezed and air is pushed out
 When the diaphragm is contracted, it tightens up and flattens out.
 The space in the chest cavity gets larger and the lungs expand.
 Air is pulled into the alveoli as the lungs expand.
Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: ______
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Problems of the Respiratory System
Problems of the respiratory system can be caused by diseases or by the quality of the air that we breathe.
 Carbon Monoxide: (CO)
o Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is formed when fuels are incompletely burned.
Carbon monoxide may combine with the hemoglobin in the blood and deprive our cells of oxygen.
o If too much CO is absorbed, it may be fatal.
 Pneumonia:
o This communicable lung disease may be caused by bacteria or viruses that live and multiply in the
alveoli. This causes the accumulation of fluid and mucus, which blocks lungs and prevents oxygen from
getting into the blood.
 Emphysema
o This noncommunicable disease is associated with smoking and causes the breakdown of alveoli.
NOTES: THE HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM (Concepts 32.1-32.3)
Functions of the Excretory System
 To maintain homeostasis of body fluids
 Remove wastes
The Main Organs of the Excretory System
 Kidneys: remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood
o The Kidney is the main organ of the excretory system.
 Nephron: part in kidney that actually filters the wastes out of the blood
 Liver: remove toxic compounds from the blood
 Urinary bladder: smooth bag made of muscle that stores urine, the wastes which will be excreted from the body.