Download Practical Applications of Biotechnology

Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Bioprocessing technology

Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture
desired products.

Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-celled
organisms).

Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze
chemical reactions).

Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce
desired products.
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
2. Genetic engineering
 The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA
molecule to change the information it contains.
 More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.
 The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified
organism, or GMO.
 Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that
make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — better crops,
improved animal health
2. Medical and health care applications — new
tests, vaccines, medicines
3. Chemical and environmental applications —
better manufacturing processes and consumer
products
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest
 Improve crop yields by introducing genes that
confer resistance to insects, tolerance
to herbicides and resistance to environmental
stresses (drought, heat, cold).
 Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet
demand for wood products.
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — improve animal
health
 Better detection of disease
 More nutritious feed
 New and more effective vaccines
 Improved treatments for diseases
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
2. Medical and Health Care
Applications
 New diagnostic tests
Example: quick test for strep throat
 MANY new treatments for diseases and conditions
Examples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis,
hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis;
rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection
Practical Applications of Biotechnology
3. Chemical and Environmental
Applications (Industrial Biotechnology)
 Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents.
 Use genetically modified microorganisms that
break down industrial waste.
 Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics.
 Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.