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Drug Forms Peter Johnson SCHIN, Newcastle, UK Work done in Prodigy 3 project By Chris Wroe, Medical Informatics Group, Manchester University, UK Motivation • Decision support • Chronic disease management guidelines • Computer needs to be able to answer questions such as :• “Is this patient on an inhaled steroid for asthma?” • “on a sustained release tablet for angina?” • Implies machine has explicit categorisation of drugs by Indication, Chemical structure, Route of admin, Form, etc. Patient on • Becodisks • Dry powder for inhalation, disks containing 8 blisters of beclometasone dipropionate • 100 micrograms/blister Forms proposed Spray . Dermal Spray . Inhalant . . Inhalant Powder . . . Inhalant Powder Capsule . . Nasal Inhalant . . Oral Inhalant . Nasal Spray . Spray with Adaptor . Powder Spray . . Inhalant Powder . . . Inhalant Powder Capsule Inhaled steroid for asthma Route – implies some forms Aerosol, Dry powder Drug class Indication ‘Form’ in reality Route of administration Physical Form + Administration Action + Administration Device Inhaled Powder Form for chewing Delivered by applicator Route taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . topical to conjunctiva topical to ear topical to nose topical to skin topical to scalp topical to oral mucosa . buccal sublingual topical to teeth oral (passing through oral cavity) rectal vaginal intravenous intrathecal intraperitoneal inhaled to lung . inhaled to lung via nose . inhaled to lung via mouth Drug form taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aerosol bar cake disk foam gel . jelly gum liniment liquidEmulsion lotion ointment particulate . bead . crystal . flake . granule . pellet . powder . suppository . paste . patch . pillShaped . . caplet . . capsule . . tablet . . . lozenge . . . pastille . . troche . semiSolidEmulsion . . cream . solution . . aqueous . . . elixir . . . syrup . . oil . stick . suspension . wafer Device taxonomy . spray device . drug applicator . drug dropper device Process/Action taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . Douching Rinsing Irrigating Spraying Liquid installing . Infusing . Irrigating Chewing Inhaling Ingesting 4 hierarchies of ‘form’ By Route By Physical Form . 'inhaled to lung form' . . 'Inhalation Solution' . . 'Nasal Inhalant' . . 'Oral Inhalant' . . 'Inhalant Powder' . . . 'Inhalant Powder Capsule‘ . 'Solid' . . 'Powder' . . . 'Powder Spray' . . . . 'Inhalant Powder' . . . . . 'Inhalant Powder Capsule' . . . 'Powder for Reconstitution‘ By Action By Device 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' Intermediate Representation : MAIN tablet HAS_PHARMACOKINETICS sustained release HAS_ROUTE buccal 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' First parent : Form classification Form classification: From form taxonomy: 'Solid‘ . 'Pill‘ . . 'Tablet‘ . . . 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' pillShaped . . caplet . . capsule . . tablet . . . lozenge . . . pastille . . troche 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet’ second parent : Route classification Route classification From route taxonomy . 'oral mucosa form' . . 'buccal form' Route . topical to conjunctiva . topical to ear . topical to nose . topical to skin . topical to scalp . topical to oral mucosa . . .'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' . . buccal n.b. Pharmacokinetics – sustained release is another classification concept Where now? • Preliminary work • Quick classification of the leaf terms supplied • Intermediate nodes from Prodigy work Chris Wroe [[email protected]] http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig/people/wroec/index.html