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Jose L. Barba What are Sleep Disorders? Sleep disorders are problems with trying to fall asleep, staying asleep or sleeping too much. Sleep disorders cause abnormal behavior while sleeping. There has been many studies on these disorders and we still do not know some of the causes of why people have sleep disorders. Night Terrors Night terrors also known as sleep terrors are episodes of fear while sleeping. Night terrors may cause screaming, talking, violent thrashing, throwing, hitting, sitting up, and opening of the eyes all while sleeping. Sleep walking can be an effect of night terrors. Who gets Night Terrors? Night Terrors are more common in children but can still happen to adults. Most children that have night terrors have them between the ages of 4 and 12. They tend to grow out of them with time, usually by adolescence. It is rare for adults to have sleep terrors. Only 2.2 percent of adults experience night terrors. How Long are the Night Terrors? Night Terrors happen rather quickly. Some may be from a few seconds to a couple minutes. They occur typically in the first 90 to 120 minutes of sleep. Many people do not remember the night terrors themselves but wake up with sudden great fear from deep sleep. What Causes Night Terrors in Children? Researchers believe that it may be genetically inherited since 80 percent of kids who have night terrors have family members that have had it before. Night terrors in children may also be caused by the over arousal of a child's immature central nervous system during sleep. Adults and Night Terrors Adults who get night terrors are often under stress. Stress may be a significant cause of night terrors in adults that can come from overwhelming responsibility's. Anger would also be a big cause of night terrors. If an adult tends to be angry over things it highers the risk of having night terrors or amplifies it. How can you Treat Night Terrors? Children The most you can do in treating night terrors in children would be to simply comfort them when they wake from them. Most children grow out of night terrors. Adults In adults you must reduce stress levels and be calm more often. Stress and anger are the major causes of night terrors in adults. Nightmares Nightmares are known as scary and very unpleasant dreams. Many people can remember their dreams vividly and claim to believe that it was real until waking and realizing it was only a dream. When do Nightmares happen? Nightmares happen during REM sleep and result in feelings of fear, distress, terror and extreme anxiety. Nightmares tend to happen in the later part of the night and usually wakes the sleeper. How do we know if it’s a Sleeping Disorder? Nightmares happen to everyone and it happens occasionally. Having nightmares become a disorder when it happens often and it disrupts your sleeping all the time. Who gets Nightmares? Nightmares happen to everyone of all ages. Even animals get nightmares. Usually children will have nightmares before the age of 10. Nightmares are more common in girls than boys and may continue on during adulthood. Adults who have high levels of stress are more common to have nightmares. What Causes Nightmares? Nobody really knows where Nightmares come from but according to a 2000 report in “American Family Physician” nightmares are linked to certain medications such as barbiturates, narcotics, and antidepressants specifically because they affect neurotransmitters which may cause a person to have nightmares. People who are depressed are known to have many nightmares. How to treat Nightmare Disorder If you constantly have nightmares its usually because something may be on your mind. Just talking about it with someone and hashing it out consciously may help stop the nightmares. To reduce having nightmares you must relieve some stress as well. Symptoms of Nightmares? Extreme anxiety Fear Sweat Talking and moving in sleep Yelling while asleep High heart rate Clammy hands Night Terrors Vs. Nightmares Night Terrors Happens earlier in sleep during NREM Can not remember dream vividly Does not recall the event the next morning Always wakes you up Nightmares Occur in the last third of the night Occurs during REM sleep May vividly remember the dream May or may not wake us from sleep Works Cited Avnet, Lily. "Spooked Sleeping? Identifying Nightmares And Their Causes." <i>The Huffington Post</i>. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 9 Feb. 2013. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/09/nightmare-causessleep_n_2585002.html>. "KidsHealth." <i>What Causes Night Terrors?</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. <http://kidshealth.org/parent/question/emotions/night_terrors.html>. "Night Terror." Health Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/night-terror/>. "Night terrors rare, but disturbing, for adults." Fargo Moorhead news, sports and weather. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. <http://www.inforum.com/event/article/id/ "Nightmares." Psychology Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2013. <http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditi staff, Mayo. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 12 Aug. 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/night-terrors/DS01016>.
