Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ancient Egypt: Work and Daily Life
Document related concepts
Transcript
1 Chapter 4 Section 3 Ancient Egypt: Work and Daily Life Complex Society Large population allowed for specialization • oComplex society requires division of labor Jobs passed on within families • oBoys learned future jobs from fathers Scribes •Definition- writers •Members of Egypt’s middle class oScribes were highly honored •Worked for the government and temples oKept government records and accounts oWrote and copied religious texts •Scribes did NOT pay taxes oMany Scribes became wealthy Artisans Definition- Artisan- skilled craftsmen -Examples: sculptors, builders, carpenters, jewelers, leatherworkers •Artisans worked for government and temples oMade statues, jewelry, furniture, pottery, shoes •Artisans were paid well Architects and Artists •Architects designed temples and royal tombs oSome became high ranking government officials •Artists worked in burial chambers oPainted detailed pictures in pharaohs’ tombs 2 Merchants and Traders •Trade done by barter o In the marketplace goods weighed to determine value -Goods, like grain, weighed against stones •Traders traveled great distances oUsually accompanied by soldiers, scribes, and laborers Soldiers •Professional army created after Middle •Soldiers could rise in social status Kingdom oReceived land as payment oKept any treasure captured in war •Kings often led soldiers into battle Sometimes young men were forced to join army Farmers and Peasants Majority of people were farmers • oLargest part of social hierarchy Farmers depended on Nile River to flood • oPrepare land before flood oWooden plows pulled by cows After flood subsides planted seeds • oGrew wheat, barley, flax, vegetables, fruits Farmers also grew the following: Onions, garlic, leek, lettuce, radishes, cabbage, asparagus, cucumbers, lentils, peas, beans, and a variety of spices 3 Farmers and Peasants (continued) Pastoralists raised cattle, sheep, and goats • oAfter grain harvest, herds ate leftover stubble oAnimals provided wool, meat, milk, skins Farmers gave crops to pharaoh as taxes • Peasants and Farmers worked on pharaohs projects • oBuilding pyramids, mining, fighting in army Workers paid in grain • Slaves •Lower ranking than farmers •Slaves were criminals and prisoners of war oNobles could free slaves they own -Slaves could also buy their freedom •Worked on farms, building projects, in workshops, and in households Family Life •Family was important to Egyptians oMen expected to marry young oUnmarried females lived with relatives •Women oSome devoted to homes and families had jobs outside family -Served •Women as priestesses, royal officials, administrators, artisans could: oOwn property oMake contracts oDivorce husbands -Women could keep property after a divorce 4 Children •Played with toys oDolls, tops, and clay animal figurines •Played ball games and hunted •Many boys and girls received some education oLearned morals, math, writing, and sports oAge 14, boys left school to learn father’s profession Entertainment •Egyptians enjoyed leisure time oEspecially the wealthy •Types of entertainment: oThose who could read oMusic oDancing oAcrobatics oBoardgames oAncient Egyptians even had parties -With games, fine food, and drinks
