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DG MARE study to support Impact Assessment on the
Marine Knowledge 2020
Presentation for the Marine Observation and Data
Expert Group March 7 2013
Michael Munk Sørensen
Tom Farrant
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COWI POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Agenda
› Introduction
› Marine licensing
› MSFD
› Offshore wind
› Legal and governance issues
› Innovation and reduction in uncertainty
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Introduction
› The objective is to provide background knowledge and analysis to
contribute to the impact assessment that will follow the Green Paper
on Marine Knowledge 2020.
› The study built on the 2010 Impact Assessment of the European
Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet).
› The study cover seven key areas
› Marine data in licensing process
› Cost of data for Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
› Cost of data for offshore wind farms
› Legal basis for Regulation or Directive
› Innovation from marine data
› Reduction in uncertainty
› Options for Governance of EMODnet
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Marine Licensing
› Objective: To gain an understanding of current practices for marine
licensing and data access/sharing
› Status: Licensing authorities in all marine Member States and private
operators from 5 marine sectors have been contacted and data
collection is being finalised
› Licensing: private sector operators
› Marine operators have to pay for meteorological, bathymetric or geological data on for
licence applications in a number of Member States, namely Germany, Norway,
Denmark, Bulgaria, Sweden. In the other Member States for example Romania,
France, Greece and Belgium operators access data for free
› In cases where the data has been purchased the costs are small relative to the total
costs of preparing the permit or licence
› The benefit of cheaper or more accessible data is however limited
› Several operators reported that they collect site-specific and high-quality data
themselves even if there is marine data publicly available
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Marine licensing
› Licensing: public authorities
› 10 of the 12 countries that responded demand operators to hand over marine data
from licensed activities
› Data hand-over requirement usually does not concern commercially sensitive data
› Few Member States collect data in the INSPIRE format
› Data is often made available for re-use upon request
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Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
› Objective: To collect information on the costs to Member States in
meeting the data collection requirements of the Marine Strategy
Framework Directive
› Status: Member States MSFD authorities in all coastal Member States
have been contacted. Currently final answers on questionnaires are
being collected
› 12 countries responded to MSFD questionnaire
› Questionnaire was revised according to comments from DG ENV to provide more
details on costs of data collection for the initial assessment
› Most countries have only used existing data for initial reporting
› Estimate of total data cost for initial reporting in 22 coastal MS and Croatia: 19
Million €
› Estimate of cost for existing and new monitoring programmes for the period 20132020: 64 Million €/year (cover only programmes specifically for MSFD)
› Most data gaps were reported on: Underwater Noise, Habitats, Marine litter
› Highest future costs expected from data on: Physical Features, Habitats, Functional
Groups
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Offshore wind
› Objective: To collect information on the data costs for offshore wind
farms until 2020
› Replies from 6 operators were complemented by own research
› Projected growth in offshore wind capacity until 2020: 38-54 GW
› Estimated data cost for 200 MW offshore wind farm: 5-6 Million €
› The highest cost occurs in the planning and design phase, around 3 Million €
› Average costs for the construction phase are 1 Million €
› Average costs for operation phase are 2 Million €
› There is high variation across Europe in these costs due to different legal
requirements
› This corresponds to total estimated costs for 38-54 GW offshore wind capacity of 11.6 Billion €
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Governance
› Aim The options for governance of the European marine Observation
and Data Network is based on "Marine Knowledge 2020
Communication". A secretariat would:
› Deliver an annual work programme to achieve a set of objectives
› Negotiate approval of the work programme with a "governing board"
› Implement the work programme in line with the Financial Regulation
› Status: in the intermediate report the first assessment of the
secretariat options were presented.
› The work of the proposed secretariat was outlined.
› The alternative governance options of the secretariat were identified.
› Strength and weaknesses including monetary cost considerations are presented in the
final report for each of the option and for the governance in general.
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Governance – summary of findings
The management options addressed are:
› Executive agency option/in-house option
› Regulatory agencies
› Joint initiatives
› PPP's
› Alternative fund disbursement options
› General:
› Financial regulation
› Size of structure - 3 full-time staff would not justify own agency on Marine Knowledge
› Management chain
› Marginal costs - PPP governance solution would be limited by wish to make data
available at marginal cost
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COWI POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Innovation & Reduced Uncertainty
Objectives
› Improved Marine Knowledge* has the potential to result in services
that can:
› reduce risks to aquaculture production
› enable better assessment of risk for insurance companies
› extend the coastal tourism season
› progress the discover of new bio-economy products
› reduce cost of offshore energy
› Economic benefits of reduced uncertainty in the behaviour of the sea
or the state of the seabed and marine life have been demonstrated in
the following areas:
› Optimisation of operations and maintenance for offshore structures
› Protection of cables for offshore wind structures
› Optimisation of ship route navigation through hydrographic data
* Such as historic / real-time data on parameters such as chemical pollution, non-native species, coastal erosion, storm intensity
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Innovation & Reduced Uncertainty
Methodology and limitations
› Methodology:
› Initial brainstorming of ideas
› Desktop research on EC publications, research projects, academic articles
› Drafting of case study examples
› Interviews with specialists identified through desktop research
› Incorporation of comments and finalisation
› Limitations:
› Largely based on existing documentation and studies
› Extrapolations of specific quantitative examples based on assumptions
› Specific examples that may not reflect the entire opportunities for sector
› Specialists, whilst providing a sanity check of desktop research, do not necessarily
represent the views of the entire sector
› Challenge in isolating the particular impact of “improved marine knowledge” in the
development of an innovation or sector
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Innovation: selected examples
› Ocean acidification impact on, e.g. shellfish production
› Better understand impacts to assist in predicting / minimising ecosystem impacts
› Need for stronger links between research and industry, time-series and real time monitoring data on
behaviour of flora and fauna to changes in acidity
› Economic costs of reduced mollusc production due to ocean acidification in the EU 15 (study scope at
the time) are at least €75 million
› Optimisation of turbine foundation design for offshore wind
› Foundation costs can represent up to 40% of wind capital expenditure
› Sharing of data from experimental offshore installations can help researchers validate new types of
more cost-effective foundations
› Minor design changes >> significant savings in construction schedule and costs
› Better assessment of offshore energy yield
› Knowledge gaps lead to underestimation of energy yield
› Better predicting energy yield can have positive impact on investment case, more confidence in
project financing, optimisation of site selection, and increase production
› An early warning system to anticipate jellyfish blooms
› Better understand behaviour and impacts, minimise damage to production
› Mitigating impact of blooms and major fish kills could assist in avoiding annual losses of €84 million to
production
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Innovation: other examples (1/2)
› New cage design: offshore aquaculture
› Designs to withstand extreme weather events, protect against invasive species,
production losses whilst keeping maintenance costs low
› Improve certification process for offshore wind projects
› Underwriters hesitant about extending certain coverage to innovative designs
› Reliable nautical charts and e-navigation systems
› Reduced insurance costs in shipping industry through improving assessment of risk
› Eco-tourism offerings and public awareness raising
› Mitigate the negative impact of increased tourism flow, through observation of
movement of species, and their habitats.
› Artificial reefs
› Increase sustainable coastal tourism through surf and diving revenues
› Protect marine species and therefore create potential dive and game fishing sites.
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Innovation: other examples (2/2)
› Better coastal management
› Coastal protection will save on structural damage and insurance costs
› Enable sustainable management of tourism growth, minimising impact.
› New biotechnology discoveries
› Companies looking for pharmaceuticals / enzymes to catalyse industrial processes need
to know where to look.
› Data to locate these organisms has the potential to unlock the economic potential
associated with new discoveries.
› Growth markets for algae resources
› Localising natural algae resources and a more stable cultivation process of algae will
maximise the benefits for potential growth markets.
› Better understanding risks and opportunities of seabed mining
› By improving our understanding of the seafloor ecosystem, reduce the risks of seabed
mining and potentially lead to development of commercial deep sea mining sector.
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Reduced Uncertainty
› Optimisation of cable protection for offshore wind
› Reduce risk of damage in long term, reduce costs in installation phase, and for ongoing maintenance.
› Need seabed mapping systems that accurately chart depth, topography, slope angles and seabed type
› Direct-current cable failure, in one example, halted production for 10 weeks, resulting in lost earnings
of around €145 million.
› While cables make up 8% of investment, 80% of insurance enquiries refer to these systems.
› Site accessibility to optimise offshore wind operations & maintenance
› Better accessibility results in reduced downtime losses, avoidance of energy production losses, and
potentially prevention of costly repairs.
› Uplift in the wave height at which maintenance is possible could improve turbine availability from 80%
to 90%, translating to a potential saving of £245,000 per 5MW turbine per year
› Hydrographic data to assist optimising ship navigation routes
› Improved hydrographic data coverage will positively benefit navigation safety and protection of the
marine environment, among many other benefits
› Lack of up-to-date charting and hydrographic survey data: in Europe, the most significant gaps are in
the Mediterranean and Black Seas
› Improved charts enable cost reductions through faster transit for ships, more direct routes, reduced
insurance costs, avoidance of maritime accidents.
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