Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 3-Glycolysis
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Glycolysis © Michael Palmer 2016 1 Overview of glucose metabolism © Michael Palmer 2016 Pathway Function glycolysis, citric acid cycle, respiratory chain complete degradation of glucose for ATP production hexose monophosphate shunt degradation of glucose for regeneration of NADPH glycogen synthesis and degradation short-term glucose storage gluconeogenesis synthesis of glucose from amino acids, lactate, or acetone 2 The place of glycolysis in glucose degradation © Michael Palmer 2016 3 Alternate structures of D-glucose © Michael Palmer 2016 4 Reactions in glycolysis © Michael Palmer 2016 5 The phosphate groups in ATP are shielded from nucleophilic attack © Michael Palmer 2016 6 The catalytic mechanism of hexokinase © Michael Palmer 2016 7 Hexokinase envelopes its substrates to prevent ATP hydrolysis © Michael Palmer 2016 8 Phosphohexose isomerase performs acid-base catalysis © Michael Palmer 2016 9 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase carries out covalent catalysis © Michael Palmer 2016 10 Structure and redox chemistry of NAD+ and NADP+ © Michael Palmer 2016 11 Pyruvate Kinase © Michael Palmer 2016 12 Energy-rich functional groups in substrates of glycolysis • the enolphosphate in PEP • the carboxyphosphate in 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate • the thioester in the active site of glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase © Michael Palmer 2016 13 Regeneration of cytosolic NAD+ under aerobic conditions © Michael Palmer 2016 14 Under anaerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated by lactate dehydrogenase © Michael Palmer 2016 15 Ethanolic fermentation in yeast serves a dual purpose © Michael Palmer 2016 16 Kinetics of glucose transport by facilitated diffusion © Michael Palmer 2016 17 GLUT transporters in different tissues vary in their affinity for glucose © Michael Palmer 2016 18 Reaction velocities of hexokinase and glucokinase © Michael Palmer 2016 19
Related documents