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Use of a heat sink : When power is dissipated in a transistor, the heat generated must flow from the collector-base junction to the transistor case, and then to the surrounding atmosphere. When only a very small amount of power is involved, as in a small-signal transistor, the surface area of the transistor case is normally large enough to allow all of the heat to escape. For large power dissipations that can occur in high power transistors, the transistor surface area is not large enough. Heat sinks must be used to increase the area in contact with the atmosphere. For small transistors with Top-hat-type metal cans, the clip-on star-type heat sinks are used as shown in figure a. For high-power transistors, large heat sinks are available as shown in figure b.