Download Conflicts and Government - Ms. McCloud`s World Geography Class

Asia
Lesson 1: South Asia
Vocabulary to Know
▪ Jati: In traditional Hindu society, a social group that
defines a family’s occupation and social standing.
▪ Megalopolis: a “great city” that is made up of several
large and small cities.
▪ Dharma: In Hinduism, a person’s moral duty, based on
class distinctions, which guides his or her life.
▪ Reincarnation: Rebirth into new bodies or forms of
life.
▪ Karma: In Hindu belief, the sum of good and bad in
one’s present and past lives.
Vocabulary to know
▪ Mercantilism: The theory or practice of merchant and
trading pursuits.
▪ Imperialism: The actions by which one nation is able to
control other, usually smaller or weaker, nations.
▪ Raj: Hindi word for “empire”
▪ Guru: A teacher or spiritual guide.
▪ Total Fertility Rate: The average number of children
a women has in her life time.
▪ Sikh: religious group that incorporates elements of
Hinduism and Islam.
Vocabulary to know
 Lama: Buddhist religious leader
 Mantra: in Hinduism, a sacred word or phrase that
is repeated in prayers and chants.
 Stupa: a dome-shaped structure that serves as a
Buddhist shrine.
 Dzong: a fortified monastery of Bhutan, South
Asia.
Important Geographical
Features
A. India
H
B. New Delhi
C. Pakistan
F
G
D. Islamabad
E. Nepal
F. Kathmandu
G. Bangladesh
H. Bhutan
I. Sri Lanka
J. Maldives
J
I
Population Patterns
Population density, as well as urbanization, continue to shape India’s
population patterns. Population movement and population growth have
had profound impacts on Pakistan and Bangladesh. The mountainous and
island cultures of South Asia also reveal differences among peoples
throughout the sub region.
The People:
 Many Indians identify themselves by their religion.
 Pakistan-Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Mohajirs, Baluchis
 Bangladesh- Bengali
 Nepal- Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese
 Bhutan- Bhote Peoples
 Maldives-mix of people from southern India, Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Arab countries
 Sri Lanka- Buddhist Sinhalese and Hindu Tamils
Population Patterns
 Density and Distribution:
 India’s average population density is about 7 times the world average.
 Most of India’s population is rural.
 India’s cities are among the world’s most densely populated.
 Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in South Asia.
 Pakistan is South Asia’s most urbanized country.
 In southern Bhutan and Nepal, average population densities vary
greatly.
 To the north, however, population decreases as elevation increases.
 Sri Lanka has over 800 people per square mile.
 The Maldives are packed with over 2,000 people per square mile.
Government and History
India’s ancient history continues to influence it’s population
today. Similarities and differences have driven the histories of
Pakistan and Bangladesh. Internal and external influences
have determined much of the histories of Nepal, Bhutan, Sri
Lanka, and Maldives.
First Civilizations:
 Indo-Aryan- The first people to have settled in India during
Paleolithic times.
 Indus Valley Civilization- A Bronze age civilization (3300BC-1700BC)
extending from today’s Pakistan NW India to NE Afghanistan.
 India’s
Key Religions:
 Hinduism
 Buddhism
Government and History
Invasions and Empires:
 Mauryan Empire
 Gupta Empire
 Mongul Empire European Invasion
Gandhi Led India’s Fight for Independence- one that
ended in freedom in 1947.
Government and History
Achievements of the Indus Valley Civilization:
 Writing System
 Strong Central Government
 Thriving Overseas Trade
 First Cities
Islam has played an important role in both Pakistan and
Bangladesh since the eighth century.
 Conflicts and Government:
 India and Pakistan have been fighting over Kashmir for decades.
 East Pakistan vs. West Pakistan created the formation of
Bangladesh.
 Stable rule has been difficult in both countries.
Government and History
Early History:




Nepal-Licchavi dynasty, Shah dynasty, Anglo-Nepalese Wars (1814-1816)
Bhutan-Tibetan Buddhism (A.D. 800)
Sri Lanka- Sinhalese (500 B.C.)
Maldives- Buddhist settlers, Islam (1100s), Portuguese (1400s)
 Toward Modern Times:
 Bhutan- Currently evolving into a constitutional monarchy with a representative
government.
 Nepal-the country’s ruling party and rebel groups are discussing peace.
South Asian Culture
India’s people share an amazingly diverse culture rooted in
religious traditions. Although the people of Pakistan and
Bangladesh share cultural similarities, there are also distinct
differences between them. Great variety exist among the cultures
of Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives.
Education- Children must attend school for 9 years.
 Health Care- The state-run hospital system has improved but is very Poor in
Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Languageo India- Hindi
o Bangladesh- Bangla
o Pakistan- Punjabi
o Nepal- NepaliSri
o Lanka- Sinhalese and Tamil
o Maldives- Dhivehi
o Bhutan- Dzongka
South Asian Culture
Religion- Most people are Hindus in India and Nepal.
Islam is the main religion in Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Maldives. Bhutan and Sri Lanka mainly practice
Buddhism
The Arts- Epic Poems, Dance, Bollywood
 Family Life- Extended families live together, Arranged
Marriages