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Geography • • • • Peninsula just south/east of China 70%= Low, steep mountains Western coastal regions = major farming Coastline- 5400 miles, hundreds of good harbors = port cities • Location near China = Korea is influenced by China Dynasties • Silla Dynasty (668-935) • Koryo (935-1392) • Choson or Yi ( 1392-1910) Silla – Korea prospered & the arts flourished; – Buddhism grew to be a powerful forcehundreds of temples were built; – Chinese culture, language & politics- imp. Influences on this dynasty; – Medicine, astronomy, metal casting sculpture & textile manufacturing reached high levels – Set up National Confucian Academy to train high officials Koryo Dynasty • The modern Korea comes from this dynasty’s name • Confucianism & Buddhism both influential • Woodblock printing = many Buddhist texts • Took the Chinese invention & had moveable type • Learned to make porcelain from China = Celadon ( porcelain w. an unusual blue-green glaze) Choson or Yi • • • • Last & longest-lived of the 3 dynasties Reduced Buddhist influence Set up govt based on Confucian principles King Sejong- Replaced complicated system of writing w. Hangul (Korean pheonetic alphabet) = led to extremely high literacy rate • Japanese invaded- stole Korean artisans- took them back to Japan to learn Korean art in Japan Arts & Learning • • • • • Arts & Learning from China Woodblock printing & moveable type Celadon porcelain Complex Chinese writing replaced by Hangul High literacy rate Government • • • • • United w. help of Tang China Tributary state Confucian principles of gov’t modified Restricted role of women Civil service exams for aristocrats only Invasions • Han emperor (China) Wudi- 108 BC • Mongols in 1231 • Japanese – 1590s