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POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES An Introduction to Government THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM A visual used to illustrate how various political ideologies relate to each other Ideology: “political and social principles or beliefs” The ends of the line represent extreme political beliefs whereas the center is associated with more moderate beliefs Left Center Right STARTING FROM THE LEFT Supports economic equality and change or progress in society COMMUNISM The government controls the economy and owns all industries and properties Assets and property are shared by the people equally No social classes Usually an authoritarian government (absolute ruler; total obedience; little/no democracy Positives + Focus on economic equality Negatives - Often involves violent revolution - Practice differs from the ideas - Severe censorship SOCIALISM The government or community, controls business, assets and land Based on cooperation, rather than competition Believes in more money for social services Supports unions and working people Positives + Focus on economic equality + Freedom is important Negatives - Government intervention in economics MOVING RIGHT Supports tradition and opposes change in society LIBERALISM Democratic government People have freedom and rights People can influence change in politics, society and economy Doesn’t push for “big” changes Positives + All citizens have access to basic necessities of life Negatives - Can lead to debt CONSERVATISM Inclination to maintain existing or traditional beliefs, ways or institutions Opposition to sudden changes in how things are done Belief that successful people should rule Positives Negatives + Economic freedom - Imposed morality + Intellectual equality - Censorship FASCISM No democracy Strong, central government led by a dictator (absolute leader; unrestricted by law) Government controls society and industry Government uses terror and censorship to suppress opposition Positives + If you are the dictator! Negatives - Tight control - Severe censorship - No intellectual freedom - Little economic freedom THE BIG PICTURE SOME PROVINCIAL EXAM EXAMPLES: Moral standards should override individual rights Traditional values should be preserved Large corporations should be given tax breaks Which political ideology is associated with this list? a. b. c. d. Socialism Liberalism Communism Conservatism ONE MORE… Capitalist economy Rule by dictatorship Extreme nationalism Which political ideology is associated with this list? a. b. c. d. Fascism Liberalism Communism Conservatism