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Brainstem Non-cranial nerve nuclei Nucleus Site Gracile nucleus Medulla (underneath gracile tubercle) Cuneate nucleus Medulla (underneath cuneate tubercle) Infeiro olivary nucleus Medulla Pontine nucleus pons inferior colliculus Midbrain superior colliculus Midbrain Red nucleus Midbrain Substantia nigra Midbrain Pretectal area Midbrain Non-cranial nerve nuclei in medulla oblongata Gracile nucleus Cuneate nucleus Internal arcuate fiber Decussation of medial lemniscus Inferior olivary nucleus Non-cranial nerve nuclei in pons Pontine nucleus Non-cranial nerve nuclei in midbrain Nucleus of inferior colliculus superior colliculus Red nucleus Substantia nigra Degeneration of the substantia nigra can result in Parkinson’s disease Pretectal area The junction of midbrain and diencephalon The efferent fibers project to the bilateral accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve, involving both direct and indirect light reflex of eye. White matter Ascending tracts • • • • Medial lemniscus Spinal lemniscus Trigeminal lemniscus Lateral lemniscus Medial lemniscus Ventral posterolateral nucleus Conduct the proprioceptive and fine touch of the contralateral trunk and limbs Spinothalamic lemniscus (tract) Transfers the pain, temperature and rough touchpressure sensation of the contralateral trunk and limbs Ventral posteromedial Trigeminal lemniscus nucleus of thalamus (trigeminothalamic tract) Trigeminal ganglia Conduct the pain, temperature and touchpressure sensation from the skin,teeth and mucous membrane of contralateral head and face Lateral lemniscus From bilatral cochlear nuclei and superior olivary nuclei Terminated to the nucleus of inferior colliculus or the medial genticulate body Conducts the auditory sensation of both ears Descending tracts • Pyramid tract: Corticospinal tract (to spinal cord) Corticobulbar tract (to brainstem) • • • • Rubrospinal tract Tectospinal tract Vestibulospinal tract Reticulospinal tract Corticospinal tract Corticobulbar tract Innervate bilateral general somatic motor nuclei and special visceral motor nuclei Lower part of the nucleus of facial nerve and nucleus of hypoglossal nerve only receive the fibers of contralateral corticobulnar tract. Corticonuclear tract Nucleus of Oculomotor n. Nucleus of trochlear Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. Upper lower Nucleus of abducent n. Nucleus of facial n. Nucleus of ambiguus n. Nucleus of hypoglossal n. Nucleus of accessory n. Reticular formation of brain stem • Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) • Motor central and vital centres – Cardiovascular center and respiratory center • Serotonergic rapheal nuclei Transverse section through decussation of medial lemniscus Gracile nucleus Cuneate nucleus Internal arcuate fiber Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. 请在此放置您的 文字 Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. Nucleus of solitary tract Nucleus of ambiguus Nucleus of hypoglossal n. Decussation of medial lemniscus Hypoglossal n. pyramidal tract Transverse section through mid-olive level (medulla oblongata) Necleus of hypoglossal n. Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. Inferior cerebella peduncle Nucleus of vestibular Nucleus of solitary tract Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. Nucleus of ambiguus Inferior olivary nucleus Spinal thalamic tract Medial lemniscus Hypoglossal n. pyramid Transverse section through facial colliculus (pons) Nucleus of abducent n. Genu of facial n. Superior cerebella peduncle Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n Nucleus of facial n. Lateral lamniscus Medial lamniscus & trapeziod body Pontine nucleus Pyramid tract Transverse section through level of superior colliculus (midbrain) Accessory nuleus of oculomotor n. Superior colliculus Mesencephlic nucleus of trigeminal n. Nucleus of oculomotor n. Medial lemniscus Red nucleus Parieto-occipitotemporopontine tract Pyramid tract Frontal pontine tract Substential nigra