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Human Body ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HS20-HB1 ANALYZE THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF A HEALTHY HUMAN. Indicators a. Examine First Nations, Métis, and other holistic perspectives of the human body. (K, A) b. Describe the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of all human body systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, muscular, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, and skeletal). (K) c. Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) d. Demonstrate the scientific use of anatomical terminology, including directional terms, body planes, body regions, and body cavities, to locate anatomical features. (K, STSE) e. Investigate the anatomical locations of organs in mammals such as pigs, rats, or cats through dissection or virtual simulation. (K, S) – LAB? f. Design and carry out an investigation to examine baseline values used for assessing health such as heart rate, O2 saturation, blood pressure, temperature, and respiratory rate. (K, S, A, STSE) - LAB? g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) h. Investigate benefits of normal flora in the body (e.g., swab skin and examine results). (K, S) – LAB? i. Research advances in scientific understanding of the anatomy and physiology of humans. (STSE) Labs Agar Plates/Microbes Lab h. Investigate benefits of normal flora in the body (e.g., swab skin and examine results). (K, S) – Virtual Dissection Lab e. Investigate the anatomical locations of organs in mammals such as pigs, rats, or cats through dissection or virtual simulation. (K, S) Examining Heart Rate Lab f. Design and carry out an investigation to examine baseline values used for assessing health such as heart rate, O2 saturation, blood pressure, temperature, and respiratory rate. (K, S, A, STSE) Anatomy Describe the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of all human body systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, muscular, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, and skeletal). (K) Anatomy – Physiology – Major terms: ___________ and ____________ (BIG IDEA: ) What is an example of this in the body – where structure allows for proper function? Anatomy Describe the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of all human body systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, muscular, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, and skeletal). (K) Anatomy – study of the structure of organisms and their parts Physiology – study of normal function in living systems. Major terms: Structure and function (BIG IDEA: structure allows for function) What is an example of this in the body – where structure allows for proper function? Levels of Organization 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Levels of Organization 1. Molecular/Chemical 2. Cellular Organelle 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6. Organismal Levels of Structural Organization Understand the components that make up body systems Our body has different levels of structure. Last unit, we looked at nutrients – which would represent the basic chemical structures and parts of our body. Chemical Level •_______ (e.g. H, O, C) •Molecules (e.g. ____, __________) Levels of Structural Organization Understand the components that make up body systems Our body has different levels of structure. Last unit, we looked at nutrients – which would represent the basic chemical structures and parts of our body. Chemical Level •Atoms (e.g. H, O, C) •Molecules (e.g. DNA, Glucose) Sub-level: Organelles Cell – What is an example? •Basic ______________/ ____________________ ______ Sub-level: Organelles (small structures that perform specific functions inside of a cell). Cell – basic structural unit of all living organisms. What is an example? Red Blood Cell •Basic structural/functional units In your table groups look up a definition of: Epithelial tissue – Tissue Level Connective tissue – Muscular tissue – •Groups of _____ that perform a particular _____________. •4 types – epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous Nervous tissue – Need Na+ and K+ pump! Tissue Level •Groups of cells that perform a particular function •4 types – epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous In your row look up a definition of: Epithelial tissue – tissues that are comprised of closely packed cells that line cavities or surfaces of organs in the body. Connective tissue - tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs Muscular tissue – composed of muscle cells that can contract Nervous tissue – send impulses to different parts of the body and react to stimuli. Need Na+ and K+ pump! Organ Level •Composed of 2 or more types of _________ •Have specific __________ (e.g. _______, _______, _________) Organ Level •Composed of 2 or more types of tissues •Have specific functions (e.g. stomach, heart, brain) Organ System Level •Composed of •e.g. Organ System Level •Composed of related organs with a common function •e.g. digestive system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) Organismal Level Quiz tomorrow Know – Definitions of anatomy and Physiology Six levels of structural organization Systems of the Human Body 11 Systems ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ______________ system ______________ system Muscular system ______________ system Endocrine system Cardiovascular (Circulatory) system Lymphatic system ______________ system Digestive system ______________ system ______________ system(s) Each has a __________________ that share __________________________________________. Systems of the Human Body 11 Systems ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular (Circulatory) system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary/Excretory system Reproductive system(s) Each has a group of organs that share common overall functions Body Systems (there are 11) We will list a function and an organ System Muscular Nervous Reproductive Skeletal Cardiovascular Respiratory Function Components (structures) Body Systems (there are 11) We will list a function and an organ System Function Components (s) Muscular Movement, stabilization and heat generation Muscle tissue attached to bones Nervous Control of the body – communication among parts Brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs Reproductive “Is to produce egg cells, hormones, sperm (gametes)” Uterus, vagina, penis, testicles, ovaries Skeletal Support and protection Skeleton/bones – bones and joints Cardiovascular Transfer oxygenated blood and nutrients through the body. Heart, blood vessels, blood Respiratory Movement of oxygen throughout the body Pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs Body Systems System Endocrine Lymphatic Digestive Urinary Integumentary Function Components (s) Body Systems System Function Components (s) Endocrine Produce or secrete hormones that regulate the activity of cells or organs. Hormone producing glands and cells Lymphatic Carries water to the heart. Connected to immune and cardiovascular system. Spleen, thymus, tonsils Digestive Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, gall bladder, liver, pancreas Urinary Produces and eliminates Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra urine and waste. Blood composition, acid/base balance and production of red blood cells. Integumentary Protects body, helps produce vitamin D, regulates body temperature, detects sensations Hair, skin, nails, oil glands, sweat glands Integumentary System What if you stopped going outside (Vitamin D) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= hmqguIFMC-Y Components: Skin Hair Nails Oil glands Sweat glands Functions: Protection Regulates body temperature Eliminates wastes Helps make vitamin D Cutaneous sensation Skeletal System Components: Bones Joints Associated cartilages Functions: Support and protection Assists movement Produces blood cells Stores minerals & lipids Muscular System Components: Skeletal muscle Functions: Movement Stabilizes body position Generates heat Nervous System Components: Brain Spinal cord Nerves Special sense organs Functions: Regulates body activities Detects, interprets, and responds to changes in the body Endocrine System Components: Hormone-producing glands Hormone-producing cells Functions: Regulates body activities Detects and responds to changes in the body Cardiovascular System Components: Heart Blood vessels Blood Functions: Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells Regulates acid-base balance Regulates body temperature Helps defend against disease How the heart works https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE 8tGkP5_tc Lymphatic System Components: Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic fluid Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes Functions: Returns proteins and fluids to the blood Carries lipids from the GI tract to the blood Helps defend against disease GI = gastrointestinal = digestive system Respiratory System Components: Pharynx, larynx, trachea Bronchial tubes Lungs Functions: Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood Regulates acid-base balance Voice production Digestive System Components: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine Liver, gall bladder, pancreas Functions: Breaks down food Absorbs nutrients Eliminates wastes Urinary System Components: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Functions: Produces and eliminates urine Eliminates wastes Regulates blood composition Regulates acid-base balance Maintains mineral balance Regulates production of red blood cells Reproductive System(s) Components: Gonads (testes, ovaries) Associated organs Functions: Produces and stores gametes (sperm, oocytes) Produces hormones Would you like to know more? Crash Course Biology – #26 - #34 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCLnVkA&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=26 Body Systems (Organ Systems) Independent Study/Write-up! Chance to use APA Format Writing and Referencing! Select a Body System to Research! You have two-three days to complete! Anatomical Terminology d. Demonstrate the scientific use of anatomical terminology, including directional terms, body planes, body regions, and body cavities, to locate anatomical features. (K, STSE) Descriptions always assume that the body is in the ___________ ___________ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ LET’S ALL TRY IT!!! Importance: Anatomical Terminology d. Demonstrate the scientific use of anatomical terminology, including directional terms, body planes, body regions, and body cavities, to locate anatomical features. (K, STSE) Descriptions always assume that the body is in the anatomical position ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Standing erect Head level and eyes facing forward Upper limbs at the sides with palms turned forward Lower limbs such that the feet are flat on the floor and directed forward LET’S ALL TRY IT!!! Importance: When medical care providers communicate with one another, it is beneficial to have a universal language to identify areas where health problems may be present. Regions of the Human Body Most terms are based on Greek or Latin words. Body Regions Cephalic (Head) Body Regions Cervical (Neck) Thoracic (chest) Scapular Dorsal Lumbar Body Regions Lower Limb Upper Limb Body Regions Upper Limb Brachial Antebrachial Lower Limb Carpal Phalangeal Femoral Crural Tarsal Phalangeal Directional Terms Specific directional terms are used when describing the relationship of one part of the body to another Refer to the _____________ _____________ of the body parts when the body is in the anatomic position Most can be grouped into _________ that have ____________ meanings Directional Terms Specific directional terms are used when describing the relationship of one part of the body to another Refer to the relative positions of the body parts when the body is in the anatomic position Most can be grouped into pairs that have opposite meanings Anterior Superficial Ex. ACL Deep Posterior Contralateral Ipsilateral Anatomical Terminology Continued Anterior (ventral) Superficial [Toward the front of the body] [Toward the surface of the body] Posterior (dorsal) Deep [Toward the back of the body] [Away from the surface of the body] Ipsilateral [On the same side of the body] Contralateral [On the opposite side of the body] Medial Ligaments are closer to the middle line of the body. Lateral Proximal Proximal – closer to the chest. Distal – further from the chest. Medial Superior The heart is superior to the large intestine. The large intestine is inferior to the heart. Distal Inferior Body Cavities – (cavity = hole) Anatomical Planes & Sections An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body is called a plane Sagittal – midsagittal and para sagittal – up and down cut. Frontal – separates into anterior and posterior Transverse – horizontal – cuts the body into superior and inferior. Oblique – diagonal cut between two planes. A cut through the body (or part of the body) along a plane is called a section Sagittal Plane Vertical Divides the body (or part) into left and right sides “Midsagittal plane” The plane passes through the midline (equal left and right sides) “Parasagittal plane” The plane does not pass through the midline (unequal left and right sides) Frontal (Coronal) Plane Vertical Divides the body (or part) into anterior and posterior portions Transverse Plane Horizontal Divides the body (or part) into superior and inferior portions Oblique Plane Passes through the body at an angle between two of the other three planes This is a ___________ section of the brain. This is a ___________ section of the brain. This is a ___________ section of the brain. Test Yourselves (Quiz Tomorrow) Come up with questions to ask your partner like we practiced. Example: A. There was a superficial cut to the inferior portion on the medial side of the left tarsal. Point out where this is – is this lifethreatening? B. There was a deep cut on the ipsilateral side (to the tarsal cut), medial and superior portion of the femoral region, which body system may be at risk? Blood Types and Vital Signs c. Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) What is a vital sign? An indication of being alive (functioning healthily) Why are they needed? To help medical care providers discern/assess a patient to see if they are functioning healthily. If signs are abnormal, something may be wrong. Common Vital Signs - what are they? What do they measure? Blood Pressure – how much force (pressure) your heart exerts on the veins and arteries. Systolic (force when your hearts pumps). Diastolic is the pressure when your heart is at rest. Respiratory Rate – Amount of breaths taken in a minute. ₒ Temperature – measurement of body temperature (healthy range is around 36.6 C O2 Saturation – how saturated our blood is with oxygen. We want >95% Heart/Pulse Rate – heart beats per minute. Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) What is a vital sign? An indication of being alive (healthy functioning of the body) Why are they needed? Medical care providers assess patient health using vital signs. Common Vital Signs - what are they? What do they measure? Blood Pressure – Respiratory Rate – Temperature – O2 Saturation – Heart/Pulse Rate – Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) What is a vital sign? Used as an indicator of how healthy you are. “An indication of being alive” Why are they needed? For doctors to get a snapshot of our health and well-being. Common Vital Signs - what are they? What do they measure? Blood Pressure – Systolic (when heart pumps) and Diastolic (when it relaxes) pressure of your blood. Measuring how hard your heart pumps and the pressure it puts on arteries. Respiratory Rate – how many breaths we take in a minute Temperature – our ideal body temperature (36.6C – 37C) O2 Saturation – amount of oxygen our blood is holding (of its maximum capacity) (>95%) Heart/Pulse Rate – heart beats per minute! Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) What is a vital sign? An indication of being alive Why are they needed? They help us diagnose others and ourselves for illness and well-being. Common Vital Signs - what are they? What do they measure? Blood Pressure – Systolic and Diastolic pressure Respiratory Rate – amount of breaths you take in a minute Temperature – the temperature of your body O2 Saturation – a percentage of the amount of oxygen in your blood to what it can hold Heart/Pulse Rate – number of heartbeats in a minute! Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) What is a vital sign? A form of measuring healthy functioning of the human body’s most basic functions. Why are they needed? Doctors use it to assess the immediate health of patients. Most of these are irregular in the event of illness. Common Vital Signs - what are they? What do they measure? Blood Pressure – SYS – when heart pumps DYS – when heart is resting Heart (pulse) Rate – number of times your heart beats. Temperature – varies given gender, activity, food and fluid consumption O2 Saturation – amount of oxygen in blood – oximeter uses infrared light. Respiratory Rate – breathing levels - Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) Vital Sign Heart Rate Blood Pressure Respiratory Rate Temperature O2 Saturation Normal value or range Common Vital Signs Identify the normal value or range for the common vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, O2 saturation and respiratory rate). (K) Vital Sign Normal value or range Heart Rate (resting) (active) (elite cardio athlete - efficient heart– resting) Blood Pressure 60-100 BPM 100-170 BPM as low as 40 BPM Temperature Sys – 95-140 – Ideal = <120 Dia – 60-90 - Ideal = <80 12-30 – Teens 16-20 – Adults (Breaths) 36.6C – 37C O2 Saturation 95-100% Respiratory Rate How do we test them? O2 Saturation - Oximeter!Means of testing Vital Sign Heart Rate Blood Pressure Respiratory Rate Temperature O2 Saturation What did you get? How do we test them? O2 Saturation - Oximeter!Means of testing Vital Sign Heart Rate BPM – check your pulse (15 seconds x 4 or for 60 seconds) Blood Pressure Machine! Respiratory Rate Count how many breaths you take in a minute! Temperature Machine! Armpit? 0.3 – 0.4 degrees lower! O2 Saturation Machine! What did you get? Blood Types g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) Blood Types – Antigens – Red Blood Cell “Types” _ – has the A antigen _ – has the B antigen __ – has the A an B antigen _ – has no antigen _______ (liquid that holds blood, salt, water and enzymes) __ _______ (protein on red blood cells) = (-) or (+) + means it… has the protein Blood Types g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) Blood Types – are determined by inherited antigens. Antigens – a molecule capable of inducing an immune response by the host organism. Red Blood Cell A – has the A antigen B – has the B antigen AB – has the A an B antigen O – has no antigen Plasma (liquid that holds blood, salt, water and enzymes) Rh factor (protein on red blood cells) = (-) or (+) + means it… has the protein Blood Types g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) Blood Types – are determined by the antigens found on your red blood cells. Antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient's immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching. Red Blood Cell A – has the A antigen B – has the B antigen AB – A and B antigen O – no antigen Plasma Rh (-) or (+) + means it has the antigen! Blood Types g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) TWO THINGS DETERMINE OUR BLOOD TYPE ______ ______ (Letter) – Example: A and __ ________ – Example: Both are inherited! Blood Type = ARh factor (protein on red blood cells) = (-) or (+) + means it… has the protein Blood Types g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) TWO THINGS DETERMINE OUR BLOOD TYPE 1. ABO Blood System (Letter) – Example: A, B, O 2. Rh factor – Example: - (negative) or + (positive) Both are inherited! Blood Type = ARh factor (protein on red blood cells) = (-) or (+) + means it has the protein Blood Donor Compatibility and Inheritance g. Discuss the interrelationships between the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an individual’s blood type, and blood donor compatibilities. (K, S) Parent 1 A A A A BAAOOO BBBB Parent 2 A BAOBBABAO B Possible blood type of child O XXXXXX AXXXX XX X B XXXXXX X AB XXX X Genetics and Inheritance! Phenotype (what is seen) Genotypes (genetic pair of alleles - traits) AB Parent x AB Parent = Offspring odds ½ AB, ¼ A, ¼ B US Blood Type Distribution O-positive: 38 percent O-negative: 7 percent A-positive: 34 percent A-negative: 6 percent B-positive: 9 percent B-negative: 2 percent AB-positive: 3 percent AB-negative: 1 percent Blood Types _ is a dominant allele (blood type) _ is a dominant allele (blood type) _ is a recessive allele (blood type) Therefore an ___ Genotype would mean the individual is an _ Blood Type (Phenotype) An individual that is an __ Blood Type (Phenotype) must have an ____ Genotype. ___ Blood Type is two dominant alleles happening at once. We get one “allele” from each of our parents… they combine to form our Blood Type Blood Types A is a dominant allele (blood type) B is a dominant allele (blood type) O is a recessive allele (blood type) Therefore an AO Genotype would mean the individual is an A Blood Type (Phenotype) An individual that is an O Blood Type (Phenotype) must have an OO Genotype. AB Blood Type is two dominant alleles happening at once. We get one “allele” from each of our parents… they combine to form our Blood Type Rh Factor Remember! The Rh factor also affects blood donation! An A- can donate to n A+ but a A+ can’t donate to an A-. The Rh factor is another protein found on blood cells if your blood doesn’t have it (negative) then that is what’s unfamiliar and it will “attack” and reject it. In Canada? Distribution Worldwide and in SK (O) Why is this distribution present? What is your blood type? Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Impact on the body? Fortunately, bacteria are localized to a _________ __________. How are they treated? Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Transmission – process of microorganisms transferring from one individual to another. Typically through liquid exchange or contact. Can exist outside of living hosts. (Countertops, etc.) Impact on the body? Range of symptoms – stomach related. Localized to a specific location and therefore is targeted specifically with medications/antibiotics. How is each treated? Antibiotics – drugs that kill the bacterial cell. Examples: Salmonella Streptococcus Escherichia coli (E coli) Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? “there is bacteria everywhere” – you get them from coming into contact with them. - Being in close proximity to sick individuals. - Touching things other people have touched. - We can ingest bacteria (food and drinks)! Impact on the body? Disease – Yersinia pestis (black plague bacteria). Tuberculosis. E. Coli Stomach ache, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea. Localized to a specific location. How is each treated? Meds – antibiotics! Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) What are probiotics? Bacteria can be found on our _____, _________, ________, _______________! Bacteria g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) What are probiotics? “a microorganism introduced into the body for its beneficial qualities.” Bacteria isn’t all bad! Our body is home to more bacterial cells than human cells (human cells are bigger, but still). Bacteria can be found on our skin, stomach, mouth, toes, everywhere! Virus g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Impact on the body? How is each treated? Examples: Virus g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) How are they transmitted? Transmission – process of transferring from one individual to another. Typically via some form of liquid or contact with other individuals. Need a living host to exist in. Impact on the body? Some cannot be cured, live in and throughout your body indefinitely. How is each treated? Viruses typically require rest as your body needs to develop antibodies to combat it, antibiotics will not work. Vaccines – teach your body to fight them before you get the legit one! Examples: Influenza HIV Bacteria vs Viruses – What’s the difference? Transmission Differences? Impact differences? Both can have similar symptoms, however. Treatment differences? Bacteria vs Viruses – What’s the difference? Transmission Differences? Bacteria can live and be transmitted from many surfaces (humans, food or objects). Virus has to go from living thing (host) to living thing (host). Impact differences? Bacteria attack a particular area of your body. Virus infects your whole body. Both can have similar symptoms, however. Treatment differences? Bacteria are treated with antibiotics. (combat/solution after you have it) Viruses are (pre)treated with vaccines. (preventative) Select a Bacteria or Virus What is its name? Where did it originate (first discovered when and where)? What are the symptoms? How does a MCP (medical care provider) confidently diagnose it? How does it transmit? How do we combat it (what is the name of the most common treatment)? Vaccinations (Anti-Vaxxers Go Away) What is the anti-vax movement? What are its flaws (are there pros)? How do flu shots work (what is in the shot – why might you still get sick)? What is a vaccination? What type of injection is a flu shot injection – intravenous, subcutaneous, or muscular? Why is it this one? More info/articles Vaccine http://www.iflscience.com/health -and-medicine/simple-methodproves-effective-countering-antivaccination-attitudes/ Mumps http://whl.ca/article/statementfrom-the-western-hockey-leagueregarding-mumps-virus Vaccinations (Anti-Vaxxers Go Away) What is the anti-vax movement? What are its flaws (are there pros)? Sensationalism and conspiracy theories try to justify that because certain elements are present, they must be harmful. Most of these occur naturally in the More info/articles body anyway or are not administered anymore. How do flu shots work? Flu shots target specific strains MCP predict will be prevalent that year. What is a vaccination? You are given an injection with a weakened form of the virus to develop antibodies. What type of injection – intravenous, subcutaneous, or muscular? Why is it this one? Muscular – muscular injections are absorbed fast, yet together, going through the lymphatic system rather than specifically the blood stream. Vaccine http://www.iflscience.com/health -and-medicine/simple-methodproves-effective-countering-antivaccination-attitudes/ Mumps http://whl.ca/article/statementfrom-the-western-hockey-leagueregarding-mumps-virus Human Body DISEASE AND PATHOLOGY HS20-HB2 INVESTIGATE VARIOUS PATHOLOGIES AND AILMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS, AND SYSTEMS OF A HEALTHY HUMAN. Indicators a. Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public describe pathologies using terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome, and abnormal condition. (STSE, K) b. Examine how the interrelationship between a person’s lifestyle and the human immune system affect how the body responds to pathogens (e.g., risky behaviors, poor hygiene, autoimmune, immunocompromised, innate, and adaptive immunity). (K) c. Research the symptoms, possible causes, stages, scope (e.g., cells, tissues, organs and/or systems) and prevention of a pathology that affects one or more body systems. (K) d. Create a representation (e.g., illness narrative, journal, timeline, story, video, or diorama) of the progression of a pathology from the perspective of a real or hypothetical individual, including impacts on their lifestyle. (K, A, S, STSE) e. Outline the history of a disease or illness and its causes, including societal and cultural perspectives. (K, A, S, STSE) f. Compare prepared slides or digital images of healthy and diseased tissues to identify how pathologies affect cells. (K, A, S) g. Compare how bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli) and viruses (e.g., common cold, influenza, and herpes) differ in how they are transmitted, their impact on the human body, and how each is treated. (K) What’s the difference? a. Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public describe pathologies using terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome, and abnormal condition. (STSE, K) What is pathology? What is a pathogen? How do these terms differ from public usage to medical practitioner usage? Look up the following terms and find the technical definition. Disease, Illness, Ailment, Disorder, Infection, Medical Condition, Syndrome, Abnormal condition What’s the difference? a. Differentiate among the ways in which medical practitioners and the public describe pathologies using terms such as disease, illness, ailment, disorder, infection, medical condition, syndrome, and abnormal condition. (STSE, K) What is pathology? A branch of medical science concerning the examination of organs, tissues, and bodily fluids to diagnose the possibility of illness or disease. “Study of diseases that affect the body.” What is a pathogen? Any sort of disease-causing agent (bacteria, virus, microorganism) How do these terms differ from public usage to medical practitioner usage? Look up the following terms and find the technical definition. Disease, Illness, Ailment, Disorder, Infection, Medical Condition, Syndrome, Abnormal condition Describing Pathologies Term Medical Practitioner Definition Disease Illness Ailment Disorder How do these terms differ from public usage to medical practitioner usage? Describing Pathologies Term Medical Practitioner Definition Disease A disruption to the healthy functioning/structure of an organism typically with signs and symptoms - is not caused by physical injury. MCPdescribed. Illness Period of sickness affecting the body or mind. Patientdescribed See “illness”. Typically less serious than disease. Ailment Disorder Disturbance to function or structure resulting from genetic/development problems or from poison, trauma or disease. How do these terms differ from public usage to medical practitioner usage? Some of these terms have more formality in diagnoses of patients. Infection Medical Condition Syndrome Abnormal Condition Infection Invasion of body by a foreign organism causing disease or a negative reaction to host-tissues. Medical Condition A disease, illness or injury. Syndrome A group of symptoms that consistently occur together. Abnormal Condition A physical condition resulting from defective genes or development deficiencies. Lifestyle and Immune Systems b. Examine how the interrelationship between a person’s lifestyle and the human immune system affect how the body responds to pathogens (e.g., risky behaviors, poor hygiene, autoimmune, immunocompromised, innate, and adaptive immunity). (K) How do certain lifestyle choices affect the immune system? How does the combination of these affect our bodies’ response to pathogens? Risky Behaviours – Poor Hygiene – Autoimmune – Immunocompromised – Innate Immunity – Adaptive Immunity – What are different ways the body responds to pathogens? Lifestyle and Immune Systems b. Examine how the interrelationship between a person’s lifestyle and the human immune system affect how the body responds to pathogens (e.g., risky behaviors, poor hygiene, autoimmune, immunocompromised, innate, and adaptive immunity). (K) How do certain lifestyle choices affect the immune system? How does the combination of these affect our bodies’ response to pathogens? Diet – if missing or lacking nutrients, puts your body in a worse position to function healthily (fight pathogens). The more negative lifestyle choices put you in a worse position to have a compromised immune system. Risky Behaviours – IV drug usage, alcohol, smoking (introduce pathogens, damage tissues) Poor Hygiene – infrequent cleaning (being dirty can promote growth of pathogens) Autoimmune – body’s immune system attacks itself. Immunocompromised – having an impaired immune system. Innate Immunity – nonspecific defence mechanisms (skin, chemicals found in blood, white blood cells) Adaptive Immunity – buildup of immunity through the production of antibodies. What are different ways the body responds to pathogens? Difference in types of Immunity Innate Immunity – what we got. Adaptive immunity – our developing immune system complete with the antibodies present within. What decisions affect each of these? Are their pathogens that affect one or the other? What is the connection? How does the body respond to pathologies? When you’re sick, how does your body respond (ie. Types of sick which is defence? Which is a “result”?) When you get hurt, how does your body respond? What are some ways your body responds to pathogens – why might it do this? Use an example. How does the body respond to pathologies? When you’re sick, how does your body respond (ie. Types of sick – which is defence? Which is a “result”?) fatigue, chills – temperature change, feverish – hot, nausea, vomiting, cough – sneezing runny nose, diarrhea, headache, pain/aches, dehydrated, “eye boogers”, ear wax, snot When you get hurt, how does your body respond? What are some ways your body responds to pathogens – why might it do this? Use an example. Quiz – Pathology Terminology and Immune System What is pathology? What is a pathogen? Terminology Disease Illness Infection What are different ways the body responds to pathogens? What is the term that describes a decreased ability to do so? The body can respond through innate (skin and protective layers) and adaptive (creating white blood cells) immunity. Immunnocompromised. Healthy or Diseased f. Compare prepared slides or digital images of healthy and diseased tissues to identify how pathologies affect cells. (K, A, S) Heart muscle tissue. Monkey and Human. Healthy vs Diseased Healthy vs Diseased Assignment! Options c. Research the symptoms, possible causes, stages, scope (e.g., cells, tissues, organs and/or systems) and prevention of a pathology that affects one or more body systems. (K) d. Create a representation (e.g., illness narrative, journal, timeline, story, video, or diorama) of the progression of a pathology from the perspective of a real or hypothetical individual, including impacts on their lifestyle. (K, A, S, STSE) e. Outline the history of a disease or illness and its causes, including societal and cultural perspectives. (K, A, S, STSE)
