Download Demography: The Study of Population

Demography: The Study of
Population
Fertility: level of reproduction in a
society
Demography: scientific study of
population
Sociologists focus on the social factors
that influence population rates and
trends
• Malthus’s Thesis and Marx’s Response
•
– Malthus: world’s population growing more
rapidly than the available food supply
– Marx: no special relationship between world
population and the supply of resources
•
• Neo-Malthusian View stresses birth control
and sensible use of resources
• Studying Population Today
•
– Census: enumeration, or counting of a
population
– Vital statistics: records of births, deaths,
marriages, and divorces gathered through a
registration system maintained by government
Elements of Demography
– Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000
population in a given year
– Total fertility rate: average number of
children born alive to any woman, assuming
she conforms to current fertility rates
– Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000
population in a given year
– Infant mortality rate: number of deaths of
infants under one year of age per 1,000 live
births in a given year
– Life expectancy: median number of years a
person can be expected to live under current
mortality conditions
– Growth rate: difference between birth and
deaths, plus the difference between
immigrants and emigrants
Migration
The term migration refers to relatively
permanent movement of people with the
purpose of changing their place of
residence.
Migration usually describes movement
over a sizable distance, rather than from
one side of a city to another.
International Migration
• International migration occurs when persons
cross state boundaries and stay in the host state
for some minimum length of time. Migration
occurs for many reasons. Many people leave
their home countries in order to look for
economic opportunities in another country.
Others migrate to be with family members who
have migrated or because of political conditions
in their countries. Education is another reason
for international migration, as students pursue
their studies abroad .
Immigrant & emigrant
• An emigrant leaves their land to live in
another country. The person is emigrating
to another country.
• An immigrant is a person who once
resided somewhere else and now lives in
your country.
internal migration
• Migratory movement within the state or
country is internal migration.