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37-3 The Respiratory
System
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
The respiratory system consists of the:
Pharynx
Larynx
Trache
aLungs
Nose
Mouth
Epiglottis
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
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37-3 The Respiratory System
What Is Respiration?
What Is Respiration?
In biology, respiration means different things.
Cellular respiration is the release of energy from the
breakdown of food in the presence of oxygen
(occurs in which organelle?) MITOCHONDRIA
At the organism level, respiration is the process of gas
exchange—the release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of
oxygen that occurs between RBCs and alveoli
Breathing is the actual mechanical intake of air
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37-3 The Respiratory System
BREATHING
Breathing
Pleural cavities are
like big plastic bag
around the lungs.
Lungs are sealed
in pleural
membranes inside
the chest cavity.
At the bottom of
the cavity is a
large, flat muscle
known as the
diaphragm.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Breathing
During inhalation, the
diaphragm contracts and
the rib cage rises up.
This expands the volume of
the chest cavity.
The chest cavity is sealed,
so this creates a partial
vacuum inside the cavity.
Atmospheric pressure fills
the lungs as air rushes into
the breathing passages.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Everyone take a deep breath and hold it.
That is INHALATION
Your rib cage and diaphragm expand.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Often exhaling is a
passive event.
Breathing
Air Exhaled
When the rib cage
lowers and the
diaphragm relaxes,
pressure in the chest
cavity is greater than
atmospheric pressure.
Rib cage
lowers
Air is pushed out of the
lungs.
Exhalation
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37-3 The Respiratory System
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37-3 The Respiratory System
How Breathing Is Controlled
How Breathing Is Controlled
Breathing is controlled by
the medulla oblongata.
The medulla oblongata
monitors carbon dioxide in
the blood.
As carbon dioxide
increases, nerve impulses
make the diaphragm
contract, bringing air into the
lungs.
The higher the carbon
dioxide level, the stronger
the impulses.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
So what’s a hiccup?
A hiccup is a muscle spasm of the
diaphragm.
•Guinness medical record breakers. Longest attack
ofhiccups. Charles Osborne (1894-1991) of Anthon, Iowa,
the US, started hiccupping in 1922 while attempting to weigh
a hog before slaughtering it. He was unable to find a cure,
and continued hiccupping until February 1990, a total of 68
years.
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37-3 The Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
RESPIRATION
Alveoli are clusters of
tiny sacs at the ends of
air passages.
Pulmonary
artery
A network of capillaries
surrounds each
Pulmonary
vein
alveolus.
Capillaries
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37-3 The Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
RESPIRATION
O2
Gas exchange takes
place in the alveoli.
CO2
Oxygen diffuses into the
blood.
Carbon dioxide in the
blood diffuses out of the
blood to the alveolus.
Let’s examine this up close
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Capillary
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