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ATOMS, IONS, AND ISOTOPES ATOMS SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons (+) and neutrons (0) are found in the nucleus and are the same size The electrons (-) are much smaller and can be found orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud ATOMIC STRUCTURE: THE NUCLEUS The nucleus contains the protons and neutrons, leaving it with a positive charge. Almost the entire mass of an atom is found in the tiny nucleus at its center ATOMIC STRUCTURE: THE ELECTRON CLOUD The electrons can be found orbiting the nucleus, in the electron cloud THE CHARGE OF AN ATOM Atoms, by definition, have a neutral charge. This happens because the positive protons and the negative electrons cancel each other out. IONS AND ISOTOPES IONS Atoms with a charge How do they form? Atoms can gain or lose electrons Gaining electrons Negative charge Losing electrons Positive charge ISOTOPES Atoms of the same element with different masses -12 This happens naturally. Some atoms have more neutrons than others