Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS HABITATS, NICHES, AND SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS HABITAT AND NICHE a. All organisms has to live somewhere. Where they originate from is called Native Habitat. b. Habitat: is location where an organism lives, uses resources, reproduces, and dies. i. It’s like a home address. c. If habitat is an organism’s address, then Niche is its job or profession. d. Niche: a role that each species have within a community (an organism’s job) i. Some are producers (food and shelter) ii. Some are food for others (rabbits) iii. Some are population control (predator and diseases) iv. Some are decomposers (cleaners) e. All organisms have a role or niche. An unglamorous and unwanted niche of the beloved vulture…is it important? SYMBIOSES a. Nothing in nature “lives” alone; all have niches. i. Organisms always effect one-another = relationship. b. Symbioses: close relationship between different species. i. Example: flower and bees, clownfish and anemone, mosquitoes and human, lions and zebras. c. There are five types of symbioses (relationship) i. Predation ii. Parasitism iii. Competition iv. Mutualism v. Commensalism PREDATION a. Predation: a relationship where one species eats another. (+/-) i. Animal eats animal (orcas and seals) ii. Animal eats plant (deer and wildflowers) iii. Plant eats animals (orchid and fly trap) b. The two species involved are predator and prey. i. Predator: the species eating another species. (+) 1. Predators rely on: speed, strength, advance senses (sight, smell, hearing), stalking, poison, sharp body parts (claws, teeth, beaks), traps. ii. Prey: the species being consumed by the predator. (-) 1. Rely on: speed, agility, camouflage, poison, playing dead, armor, digging, flight, schooling. False warning, thorns iii. The most used defense is mimicry: animals color/appearance disguised as something else (camouflage). 1. Blends in with surrounding. 2. Pretends to look like something dangerous or poisonous. PARASITISM a. Parasitism: a relationship where one species uses another for nutrient; but does not kill. (+/-) b. Parasite: the species consuming the host. c. Host: the species providing nutrients for the parasite. i. Some parasites live on/in their host (worms, bacteria, fungus, chiggers, lice, crabs, fleas) ii. Parasites living off host: mosquitoes, mites, leeches. COMPETITION a. Competition: a relationship where two species need the same resource. (-/-) i. Food, water, living space, sunlight, nesting location, b. Competition will result in less resource for both species. MUTUALISM a. Mutualism: a relationship where both species rely and benefit from each other (+/+) b. Sometimes relationship is so specialized that they cannot live without each other (termites and bacteria) c. Help each other feed, reproduce, escape predator, cleaning, protection. COMMENSALISM a. Commensalism: a relationship where one species benefit while having no effect on the other. (+/0) b. Species nor helped nor harmed. c. Example: i. Whales and barnacles ii. Human and skin bacteria, iii. Buffalo and egret