Download The Nervous System (Response)

The Nervous System
(Response)
By: Brian Trinh, Michael
Ellenwood, Billy Barbanica, and
Ray Martinetto
Nervous System
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Molluska
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Chondrichthyes
Phylum Aves
Phylum Reptilia
Phylum Osteichthyes
Phylum Amphibia
You Will Learn: The structures that are responsible for
senses, reflexes and behavior.
Phylum Porifera
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: They have no nervous system and little capacity to respond to
environmental changes.
Key Characteristics:
• Multi-cellular
• Lack cell walls
• Lack true tissue &
organs
• No body
Starting Point: The simplest of all
species, they have very little ability to
respond to the changes around them.
http://www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/v/spongestructure.jpg
http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Images/Porifera_Cnidaria/sponge%20copy.JPG
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Phylum Cnidaria
What structures are responsible for sense, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: Some specialized sensory cells, nerve cells in nerve net, eye spots
made of light-detecting cells. They also have statocysts, which help it
determine up and down.
Key Characteristics:
• Aquatic
• Simplest animal to have
specialized tissue
• Tentacles have stinging
cells
Step Up: Class Cnidaria has sensory, nerve,
and light-detecting cells that phylum Porifera does
not.
http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab_9_porifera_cnidaria/images/hydrozoan_medusa_dia
gram.jpg
http://english.pravda.ru/img/idb/photo/1194883457_meduzy_06.jpg
Pictures of Cnidaria at the Fitzgerald
Marine Reserve
Phylum Platyhelminthes
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: Several ganglia connected by nerve cords that run through the body,
along with eyespots and other specialized sensory cells; they are parasitic
with a simple nervous system.
Key Characteristics:
Soft worms with tissues and internal
organ systems.
Have three embryonic germ layers,
bilateral symmetry, and
cephalization
Are acoelomates
Same Level: Platyhelmithes
have developed sensory cells that
allow it to adapt to their
environment, like phylum Cnidaria.
http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/platyhelminthes2.JPG
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/flatworm.gif
Phylum Annelida
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: Nervous system includes a rudimentary brain and several nerve
cords; sense organs best-developed in free living saltwater species.
Key Characteristics:
Are coelomate protostome worms
Bodies are composed of segments
Segments are separated by internal
partitions
Digestive system has two openings
Same Level: Annelids have
about the same advancements in
their nervous systems as
Platyhelminthes.
http://www. edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/worm_lumbricus.jpg
columbia.
http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/Annelida1.gif
Stair Step Diagram
Cnidaria
Poriferia
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Phylum Molluska
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: Complexity of nervous system varies greatly; they are extremely
simple in clams, but complex in some octopi. Octopi have excellent eyes and
human-sized brains. 3/5 of its nerves are distributed through its eight arms.
Key Characteristics:
Have soft bodies with a
muscular foot
Body forms vary greatly
Possess a hard shell secreted
by the mantle
Are coelomate protostomes
Step Up: While clams are simple,
some mollusks like octopi have complex
nervous systems that are far more
complicated than phylum Annelida.
http://wwwbio200.nsm.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Clam/Clam04N.jpg
http://static.open.salon.com/files/octopus1244124973.jpg
Phylum Echinodermata
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: They have a minimal nervous system, their nerve rings are
connected to their body sections, and they have scattered sensory cells that
detect light.
Key Characteristics:
Marine animals with spiny
skin
Tube feet with suctioncuplike ends
Exhibit 5-part radial
symmetry
Step Down: Echinoderms have a far
simpler nervous system than mollusks
and they only have scattered sensory
cells.
http://starfish.k12.ar.us/starfish.jpg
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Pictures of Echinoderms at the Fitzgerald
Marine Reserve
Phylum Arthropoda
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: Well-developed nervous system with brain and sophisticated sense
organs allow it to adapt to their environment. Some arthropods, like crabs,
have feelers that allow it to detect what is in front of them.
Key Characteristics:
• Segmented bodies and
jointed appendages
• Tough exoskeleton
• Coelomate protosomes
Step Up: Class Arthropoda has a well-developed brain and
sense organs that echinoderms do not.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_emPA_6ZQyg/RvXm1hqUXWI/AAAAAAAAECU/x_dL_gzbp7Q/s400/anatomy_dorsal1.gif
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/966/40019352.JPG
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: They have a brain with many parts and highly developed sense
organs, which includes a lateral line system. A lateral system is used to
detect motion and vibration in surrounding water.
Key Characteristics:
• Lack true bone
•Skeleton made out of
cartilage
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Have tough scales
Step Up: Class Chondrichthyes has a well-developed brain
and a lateral line system that helps it thrive in the water.
http://image.tutorvista.com/content/diversity-living-organisms/scoliodon-cartilaginous-fish-ofchondrichthyes-class-vertebrata-phylum.jpeg
Stair Step Diagram
Chondrichthyes
Molluska
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Phylum Chordata, Class Osteichthyes
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes, and behavior?
Answer: Similar to class Chondrichthyes, they have a well-developed brain
with good sense organs, which includes the lateral line system that helps
it detect motion and vibration in the water.
Key Characteristics:
• True bone vertebrae
•Have little cartilage
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Developed sense
organs
Same Level: The nervous system of class Osteichthyes is
very similar to Chondrichthyes.
http://pond.dnr.cornell.edu/nyfish/salmonidae/rainbow_trout.jpg
http://www.neurodvpmt.univ-montp2.fr/model/truite.jpg
Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes and behavior?
Answer: Well-developed nervous and sensory systems; organs
include protective nictitating membrane over moveable eyes;
tympanic membranes; lateral line system.
Key Characteristics:
Live in water as larve
Live on land as adults
Adults breathe with lungs
Have moist skin
Step Up: Class Amphibian has well-developed nervous and sensory
systems that class Osteichthyes does not, such as a lateral line system.
http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/imagecache/news/files/20070507_frog.jpg
http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/miller/brainfig7-10.gif
Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes and behavior?
Answer: Brain; well-developed senses including infrared detectors that
can spot warm-bodied prey in the dark.
Key Characteristics:
Ectothermic vertebrates
Dry, scaly skin
Lungs and amniotic eggs
Living descendants of one dinosaur
group
Step Up: Class Reptilia has well-developed and unique senses
such as infrared detectors that class Amphibia does not have.
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/942/667234.JPG
http://digital-desert.com/wildlife/snakes/320-snake-gopher-snake-5176.jpg
Phylum Chordata, Class Aves
What structures are responsible for senses, reflexes and behavior?
Answer: Brain with large optic lobes and enlarged cerebellum;
highly evolved sense organs including eyes that can see
ultraviolet light.
Key Characteristics:
• Endothermic reptiles with feathers
and hard-shelled eggs
• Descended from dinosaurs
• Birds have two scaly legs and front
limbs modified into wings
• Enables most species to fly
Same Level: Class Aves has an enlarged cerebellum and eyes that
can see ultraviolet light, giving it unique senses like class Reptilia.
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals/images/primary/ostrich.jpg
http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b10802/PPoint/Aves/sld014.htm
Stair Step Diagram
Reptilia
Amphibia
Osteichthyes
Aves
Conclusion
While phylums like Porifera cannot respond to their
environment, that doesn’t mean that they are inferior
phylums. Each phylum adapts to their environment and
develops senses that allow it to survive. As the phylums
get more complex, you can see that phylums like
Echinodermata and Chondrichthyes develop sensory
cells that help it detect light and detect motion around
them. Aves and Reptilia develop extraordinary senses,
such as infrared detectors and the ability to see
ultraviolet light. That shows how animals have some
senses that are even superior to humans.
Works Cited
http://www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/v/spongestructure.jpg
http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Images/Porifera_Cnidaria/sponge%20copy.JPG
http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab_9_porifera_cnidaria/images/hydrozoan_medusa_diagram.jpg
http://english.pravda.ru/img/idb/photo/1194883457_meduzy_06.jpg
http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/platyhelminthes2.JPG
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/flatworm.gif
http://www. edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/worm_lumbricus.jpg columbia.
http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex/images/Annelida1.gif
http://wwwbio200.nsm.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Clam/Clam04N.jpg
http://static.open.salon.com/files/octopus1244124973.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e-mPA_6ZQyg/RvXm1hqUXWI/AAAAAAAAECU/x_dL_gzbp7Q/s400/anatomy_dorsal1.gif
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/966/40019352.JPG
http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/imagecache/news/files/20070507_frog.jpg
http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/miller/brainfig7-10.gif
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/942/667234.JPG
http://digital-desert.com/wildlife/snakes/320-snake-gopher-snake-5176.jpg
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/animals/images/primary/ostrich.jpg
http://faculty.evansville.edu/de3/b10802/PPoint/Aves/sld014.htm
http://pond.dnr.cornell.edu/nyfish/salmonidae/rainbow_trout.jpg
http://www.neurodvpmt.univ-montp2.fr/model/truite.jpg
http://image.tutorvista.com/content/diversity-living-organisms/scoliodon-cartilaginous-fish-of-chondrichthyes-classvertebrata-phylum.jpeg
http://starfish.k12.ar.us/starfish.jpg