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NAME:Daniel omari REG NO:B66/0853/2011 COURSE CODE:BQS 214. QUESTION 1. Why a computer is known as data processor. A computer is an electronic device which transforms data. It accepts data, stores data, process data according to a set of instructions, and also retrieve the data when required. Hence it accepts and store input data, processes them and produces results under the direction of step by step program. Any Process that uses a computer program will enter data and summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Thus QUESTION 2. Generation First generation Magnetic drum Second generation Magnetic core Circuitry Vacuum tubes transistors Memory capacity in characters thousands Ten thousands Main memory QUESTION 3. 1|Page Third generation Magnetic core Forth generation Large integrated semiconductor circuit. Integrated Large semiconductor integrated circuit. semiconductor circuit(present: micro processor) Hundred millions thousands Fifth generation Artificial intelligent. Artificial intelligent. billions Fifth generations computers are only in the minds of advance research scientists and being tested out in the laboratories. These computers will be under Artificial Intelligence (AI), they will be able to take commands in an audio visual way and carry out instructions. Many of the operations which require low human intelligence will be performed by these computers. Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibility that the power of many CPU's can be used side by side, and computers will be more powerful than those under central processing. Advances in Super Conductor technology will greatly improve the speed of information traffic. Future looks bright for the computers Fourth Generation computer Fifth Generation Computers These computers use LSI and VLSI technologies. The speed will be extremely high in fifth generation computer. These computers will be using Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) technology. The goal of fifth generation computers is to develop machines that will be able to think and take decisions. ) It can perform large number of parallel processing. Its sizes were reduced to desktop and laptop computer These computers are highly reliable and accurate. They have a large memory and high functional speed. The operating speed is measured in beyond picoseconds and MIPS (Million of instruction per second) Biochips and Gallium Arsenide (GaAS) will be used as memory devices. Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization 2|Page QUESTION 4. Why did the size of computers get reduced in the fifth generation? The third Generation Computers were generally much smaller in size than the second and first generation computers. This is because these newer computers made us of integrated circuits and semiconductors (a type of material that had the properties of an insulator and a conductor). Third generation computers also contained operating systems, which acted as overseers to the performance of a computer and which allowed computers to run different programs at once. Another function of operating systems is to make sure everything is flowing smoothly inside the computer. The third generation computers made the transition from transistors to integrated circuits and from punch cards to electronic. QUESTION 5. A) Versatility: - It means the capacity to perform completely different type of work. You may use your computer to prepare payroll slips. One moment, it is preparing the results of particular examination, the next moment it is busy preparing electricity bills, and in between it may be helping an office secretary to trace an important letter in seconds. It can perform different types of tasks with same ease. All that is required to change its talent is to slip in a new program into it. Briefly, a computer is capable of performing almost any task provided that the task can be reduced to a series B) Storage: - The Computer has an in-built memory where it can store a large amount of data. You can also store data in secondary storage devices such as floppies, which can be kept outside your computer and can be carried to other computers. C) slide rule. Is a mechanical analog computer. The slide rule is used primarily for multiplication and division, and also for functions such as roots, logarithms and trigonometry, but is not normally used for addition or subtraction. 3|Page Slide rules come in a diverse range of styles and generally appear in a linear or circular form with a standardized set of markings (scales) essential to performing mathematical computations D)Babbage analytical engine:-In this process, Babbage designed a “Difference Engine” in the year 1822 which could produce reliable tables.In 1842, Babbage came out with his new idea of Analytical Engine that was intended to be completely automatic. It was to be capable of performing the basic arithmetic functions for any mathematical problem and it was to do so at an average speed of 60 additions per minute. His Engine could evaluate algebraic expression correctly and was also able to produce mathematical and statistical tables correct up to 20 digits. The Engine had five components: *A storage unit that held the numbers *An arithmetic unit called Mill, to perform the arithmetic calculations *A control unit that controlled the activities of the computer *An input device that gave the numbers and instructions to the computer *An output device that displayed the result Unfortunately, he was unable to produce a working model of this machine mainly because the precision engineering required to manufacturer the machine was not available during that period.However, his effort established a number of principles which have been shown to be fundamental to the design of any computer QUESTION 6. Distinguish between micro computers and mainframe computers. Mainframes are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry/consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing. They are mostly accessed by use of terminals. A microcomputer is most often taken to mean a computer with a microprocessor as its CPU. Another general characteristic of these computers is that they occupy physically small amounts of space. Many microcomputers are also personal computers (in the generic sense) . 4|Page 5|Page 6|Page