Download Cell structure and function

Cell structure and function
Learning outcomes
• Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells by description and examples
• Identify the structure of animal cells and plant cells
• Distinguish between animal cells and plant cells
Cell theory
• Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow led to the
development of the cell theory.
• All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products.
• New cells are created by old cells dividing into two.
• Cells are the basic building units of life.
• All cells are enclosed by a semi-permeable membrane—plasma
membrane
• All cells (at some point) contain DNA
Cell size
Cell structure
• Under the regular light microscope
Cell structure
• Under the
electron
microscope
General cell structure
• Cell wall—covering that supports, shapes, and protects
cell
• Plasma membrane—sheath around cytoplasm that
regulates entrance and exit of molecules
• Cytoplasma—the content of a cell
• Organelle—small, membranous bodies, each with
specific structure and function
• Nucleus—an organelle enclosed by nuclear envelope.
Store genetic material (DNA)
Prokaryotic cell
• Bacteria(cyanobacteria) and archaea
Prokaryotic cells
• Prokaryotic cells— no nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells— no organelle
• Prokaryotic cells have nucleoid
Eukaryotic cells
• All organisms except bacteria and archaea
• Eukaryotic cells— nucleus & organelles
Unique structure of plant cells—
large central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast
Chloroplast
Unique structure of animal cells—centrioles
Animal cell and plant cell
In common
Plasma membrane
Organelles—endoplasmic reticulum (ER); Golgi
apparatus; mitochondrion; lysosome; peroxisome;
vesicle
Ribosome
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Cilia & flagella
Plasma membrane
Nucleus – synthesis of DNA&RNA
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondrion—energy center
• Prepared slides
• Elodea cell structure