Download trade

How do you know this is not a manor?
 Viking attacks and warfare declined in western Europe during the
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11th and 12th century. Feudal system works!
Manor economy became more productive
Agriculture improved – extra food to sell called for the need for
less workers. Some workers could move off the manor.n
Some manor residents became merchants and take extra food to
sell at town markets.
Population on manors increase– less war, more food.
Trade outside manor revived and towns began to grow.
Towns cropped up around castles and monasteries and along
trade routes.
Towns were almost always near a large river.
Peasants and nobles became aware of a larger world outside the
manor.
 Towns became bustling centers of trade and industry
 Merchants, former peasants and artisans
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permanently moved near or into towns.
Towns were surrounded by thick stone walls for
protection
Visitors entered through gates in the walls
Homes and businesses lined unpaved streets
Homes were small and tall
Where are towns likely to locate? Why?
 Towns located on lands already owned by lords or
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the church
People in towns paid a fees paid to lord or church
for the benefit of living on the land
As towns grew they demanded charters and
guaranteed rights. Paying for a charter was worth
it.
Charters gave towns control over their own affairs:
taxes, property, courts, and grant freedom to serfs
Population continued to grow as merchants,
artists, peasants and serfs moved off the manors.
 Large cathedrals were often
located in or near large towns.
 The stonemasons guild were
builders. Stone masons spent
years making elaborate
cathedrals in big towns.
 Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
France is one of the most
renowned.
 Town dwellers questioned the need for the lord or
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the church.
They no longer needed the lord’s protection.
Many towns purchased a royal charter from
lord/king to become independent
Charter gave people the right to govern themselves,
make laws, and raise taxes
Free towns were governed by a mayor and a town
council
Power shifted from the feudal lords to the rising class
of merchant and craftspeople
 A guild is a group of
artisans/merchants doing
the same trade who work
together to ensure quality
of their craft and their
people.
 Merchants and artisans
given the right to form
associations
 Governed prices, wages,
standards, disputes and
imports/exports
 Only guild members could
practice their trade.
 A guild is like a workers union – because it is a
group of merchants or craftsmen of the same craft
who work together to make sure their craft
protected economically and is well respected.
 Merchants of the same crafts ban together and
form groups called guilds.
 Bakers, shoemakers, carpenters and tailors all
form guilds. There are also bakers guilds,
armourers, cobblers guilds, bookmakers guilds
and more…
 Masons were the most prestigious.
 Protected members
 ‘Just Price’ for goods
 Set work week, hours,
pay
 Social welfare programs
 Entertainment and
religious feasts
 Training ; apprentice,
journeyman and master
craftsman.
 Could take 7 to 20 years
to become “master”
 Guilds prevented
competition
 Passed down through the
family
 Barbers
 Goldsmiths
 Actors
 Bakers
 Hatters
 Carpenters
 Brewers
 Candlers
 Cobblers
 Embroiders
 Minstrels
 Bookbinders
 Blacksmiths
 Do you know others?
 Armorers
 A huge festival of
merchants in large towns
that were usually held 4
times a year.
 Large towns provided
protection, rented
booths, and hired money
changers
 Merchants set up booths
to sell goods at the faires
four times a year.
 Faires became a great
place for goods and for
ideas.
The medieval faire was usually held in the meeting center of
town. This is a government building in an Italian town.
 Very colorful
 Jugglers, dancers, clowns, and minstrels provided
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entertainment
Guild members dressed in special costumes and
carried banners while parading through the streets
Guilds put on mystery plays
Mystery plays gave rise to miracle plays, another type
of religious drama
The church eventually disapproved of both types of
plays, but people still enjoyed seeing them acted out
in the streets or the public square
 Trade fairs become
elaborate events
 Mixing place of
customs, languages,
and goods.
 Brings people
together.
 Feudalism is
beginning to decline
as world becomes
safer.
 Sizeable Jewish communities grew up in Medieval
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towns
Experienced prejudice
Difficult to earn a living due to the hostility of Christians
(sometimes backed up by laws)
Jewish property and belongings were taken at will by
their lords
Were sometimes targets of violence
One opportunity was to become bankers and
moneylenders which was an essential service for the
economy
Jews were looked down upon and abused for practicing
this “wicked” trade
 Minstrel: Singer or
musician who sang or
recited poems
 Often with music such as a
harp
 Mystery Play: religious
drama based on stories
from Bible
 Miracle Play: dramatized
the lives of important
religious saints.
 Children: played with dolls and toys, such as
wooden swords and hobby horses, rolled
hoops and played games like badminton,
lawn bowling, and blind man’s bluff
 Adults: played games such as chess,
checkers and backgammon. They also
played card games, bet on rolls of dice, or go
dancing (the church frowned on these
activities)
 Time off from work to celebrate special days,
such as religious feasts
 On Sundays and holidays, animal baiting
was a popular, but cruel amusement
Punishment
For lesser crimes, people were fined or
put into stocks
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•For serious crimes, such as highway
robbery, stealing livestock, treason, or
murder, could be hanged or burned at
the stake
•Executions were carried out in public
•Why?
 Used to establish an accused
person’s guilt or innocence
 Trial by ordeal: an accused person
had to pass a dangerous test
 Trial by combat: an accused person
had to fight to prove his or her
innocence (people believed that
God would make sure the right party
won); Clergy, women, children, and
disabled people could name a
champion to fight for them
 Unsanitary conditions
 Disease traveled fast
 Barbers tried to heal
using bloodletting and
leeches
 Apothocary was a place
you could go for “herbal”
remedies
 Read page 168 in Crispin
book….