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Workshop Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development National Planning, Government Expenditure and Sustainable Development David Smith and Sanjesh Naidu 3 November 2015 Nadi, Fiji Sustainable Development Long standing international commitment by Pacific SIDS to pursue sustainable development in all its 3 dimensions: SDGs – 2015 - global Samoa Pathway – 2014 – SIDS Regional at ESCAP, PIF, PIDF, MSG….. Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 2 of 14 SDGs – Latest Global Goals Developed with Member States Involvement •Established ‘special case’ of SIDS and called for the 1st SIDS Earth Conference Summit •Recognised need for integrating the environment and economy MDGs •Set global agenda for development •Focused primarily on social development •Stressed the need for integrating Rio+20 social and 3rd development SIDS with the environment •Monitoring and accountability Convergence on the need for integrated planning which covers economic, social and environment •Recognized a need for a focus 2030 on Develop inclusiveness ment and Agenda sustainability (SDGs) •Monitoring and accountability Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 3 of 14 Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 4 of 14 Global versus national Global and regional development agenda Set a general direction for global development Provide a framework for holding countries and development partners accountable Include a set of goals, targets and indicators for monitoring progress National development planning Takes into account national priorities and challenges Governs the path toward sustainable development at the national level Framework for national monitoring and accountability Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 5 of 14 Global Goals “Localised” in NSDSs in the Pacific Commitments countries have made at an international level to sustainable development have already to a large extent been incorporated into national development plans. Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 6 of 14 NSDSs in the Pacific Key means of implementation for sustainable development: preparation and implementation of NSDS/National Plan. All Pacific SIDS have a NSDS document = national development plan; Three pillars of sustainable development are covered (economic, social, environmental) All Pacific SIDS have policy, planning and budgetary processes aimed at achieving national development goals. But how effectively? Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 7 of 14 Sustainable development progress in the Pacific Uneven progress across Pacific: – low growth in GDP per capita; lack of diversification; weak export growth – growing ‘basic needs’ poverty – mixed MDG achievement – environmental degradation - population pressure; water; reefs; fish; waste; pollution; climate change Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 8 of 14 Slow policy implementation “there is a need for a more integrated approach to the sustainable development of SIDS” (SAMOA Pathway) “a more ‘integrated planning process’ “ is needed (MSI+5) “‘Integrated planning and decision-making’ is acknowledged as ‘essential for progress’” “lack of public participation in planning processes, lack of coordination among government ministries and agencies with competing priorities, and lack of human resources and technology capacity.” Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 9 of 14 A ‘good’ NSDS Sustainable Development principles: Integration of economic, social and environmental priorities; Wide participation of stakeholders in the development process; Strategic Planning principles: Country ownership and commitment; Comprehensive and coordinated policy process; Targeting, resourcing and monitoring. Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 10 of 14 Typical Planning Processes: multi-year National Plan, Vision, Strategy (can contain Development Goals, situation analysis, medium term strategic policy objectives) Sector Plans (often included in national plan) (Policy objectives and strategies for the various sectors of the economy e.g. agricultural policy, education policy) Corporate plans (Ministry operational plans) (Policy objectives and strategies of sector ministries which may be different from sectors above) Budgetary and donor allocations (recurrent budget, development/capital budget, aid resources) Development outcomes (Activities, projects, programmes of government, NGOs, donors, communities) Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 11 of 14 Typical Budgetary Processes: annual Economic and fiscal assessment Annual policy priorities established National Plan, Vision, Strategy Sector Plans Corporate/Ministry plans Budget preparation Budget approved (recurrent budget, development budget, aid resources) Monitoring of budget implementation Budgetary and donor allocations (recurrent budget, development/capital budget, aid resources) Development outcomes Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 12 of 14 Why do the linkages not work? Linkages do not exist NPOs do not have sufficient capacity to coordinate and monitor plan implementation Plan implementation is hampered by poor coordination between ministries & central agencies Various plans are ‘out of sync’ and have different time horizons NPOs do not have sufficient capacity to coordinate and monitor plan implementation Plans are ignored Plans are too complex to implement Plans only assist development partners to plan their programmes Plans don’t have sufficient local ownership. Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 13 of 14 Most importantly… Budget allocations do not reflect plan priorities Medium Term Expenditure planning is an important tool to help And so is a system of monitoring budget and plan progress – can help ensure that policies and plans are implemented - “If it’s not monitored it won’t get done!” Medium-term Expenditure Planning for National Sustainable Development 14 of 14