Download Force/Force Summation

Biomechanics:
Is the study of forces and their effects
on the human body during movement.
 Biomechanics is about studying forces and
their effects on the human body during
movement.
 WHY?
 To create or become higher performing
athletes via better technique.
Biomechanical Principles
 Sub headings are:
 Balance and Stability
 Force
 Force Summation
 Projectile Motion
 Newton's Laws
Force/Force Summation
Internal Forces
External Forces
Sequential Summation of forces
Simultaneous summation of forces
Force
 ‘Force’ is the action of pushing or
pulling which produces a change in
the movement of a body or object.
With a partner write a definition of
Force Summation in your own words.
Use the correct definition above to
help you. You could give an example
to help make your definition better.
Internal Forces
 Internal forces
come from within
the body.
 They are caused
by actions of
muscles.
External Forces
 External forces come
from outside the body.
 E.g. gravity, friction,
wind resistance, forces
exerted by other bodies
Force Summation
 To give an object momentum in activities
such as throwing, kicking or striking an
object, the amount of momentum given to
the object is determined by
‘the sum of all forces generated by each body part’
(i.e. Force Summation)
 To gain maximum momentum, during the skill e.g.
throw, the force needs to be generated by:
 Using as many segments of the body as possible
 In the correct sequence – Using large muscles first and
moving through to the smallest and fastest muscles
 With the correct timing
 Through the greatest range of motion
Force Summation
Force Summation - Timing
 Each part must develop maximum velocity
(or speed) before the next body part
comes into action.
 The smaller body parts which are lighter
and can move with the greatest velocity
(speed) should complete the action.
Force summation – Correct Sequence
- Explain how sequential force summation is used in a
basketball jump shot.
Easy Question – Fill in and finish this sentence
In a basketball _________ shot, you need a lot of ________ to get the ball
to reach the _________. By using as many _________ as possible, the
player is able to generate more ___________. This means that the basketball
will have enough _________ to reach the ________. When doing this the
player would use their _____ first as they are large muscles, and they would use
their ______ last as they are a _________ muscle.
Medium Question
“For a jump shot, you need to…….”
Use these terms in your answer to the above question: power/force, last, first,
larger, smaller, muscles, force summation.
Hard Question
Answer the question above. Add to your answer how you know this information.
 Read pages 44-45 in workbook about
Force summation
 Complete activity 1.2G, Questions 1 & 2