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MODAL VERBS modal verbs Modal verbs are verbs that are always followed by another infinitive verb; E.g. She can play the piano very well. To form the negative or the interrogative we don’t need an auxiliary verb: NEGATIVE – we just add NOT to the modal verb E.g. We must not (mustn’t) wear sunglasses in the classroom INTERROGATIVE – we just put the modal verb before the subject E.g. Can you speak German? modal verbs The 3rd person singular doesn’t take an -s/-es at the end of the verb; E.g. He can run the marathon. Each modal verb E.g. expresses many different meanings: She can go to the party tonight. (permission – asking and giving) Tattoos can damage your skin. (possibility/probability) Garfield can eat a birthday cake all by himself. (ability/capacity) modal verbs – meanings CAN/COULD ability/capacity e.g. She can read this text in two minutes. They can’t read without their glasses. permission e.g. Can I go to the concert tonight? (asking permission) No, you can't go to the concert. (refusing permission) You can go to the cinema tonight. (giving permission) modal verbs – meanings request e.g. Can you pass me the salt, please? Could you open the window, please? (more polite, formal) possibility/probability e.g. Piercings can be dangerous. You could get an infection. (less probable) modal verbs – meanings MAY / MIGHT permission (formal e.g. probability e.g. and polite) May I come in? Yes, you may. / possibility She may go to the USA next week. It’s a bit cold today. It might rain tomorrow… (less probable / possible) modal verbs – meanings MUST obligation e.g. Teens must ask for their parents’ permission. necessity e.g. I don’t have food at home. I must go to the supermarket. logical deduction/certainty e.g. Mary is missing classes. She never misses classes. She must be ill. modal verbs – meanings MUSTN’T prohibition e.g. Students mustn’t use their mobiles in classes. SHOULD advice e.g. You should start studying. The test is tomorrow. You shouldn’t spend all your money on clothes. opinion e.g. She believes every kid should have his/her own mobile. modal verbs – practice Choose the most appropriate modal verb: 1.Mary ________ work really hard if she wants to get good marks. 2- I believe children _________ stay with their mothers until the age of 3. 3- __________ I check my e-mail on your computer? 4- It is very late. You __________ phone your parents. modal verbs – practice 5. I’m not sure but I __________ call you later if I have some doubts. 6 Mr. Smith, ________ I send you my paper by email? 7 She ______ read for hours without getting tired. 8 We ______ use these computers without our teachers’ permission. modal verbs THE END… (Garfield shouldn’t have eaten the birthday cake by himself!)