Download Teaching Oral Communication Skills

Teaching Oral Communication Skills
Indawan Syahri
May 11, 2017
1
Teaching Oral Communication
Skills
1. Types of Spoken Language
2. What makes Speaking Difficult
3. Microskills for Oral Communication
4. Teaching Pronunciation
5. Factors Affecting Pronunciation Learning
6. A model for Correction of Speech Errors
7. Types of Classroom Speaking
Performance
8. Principles for Designing Speaking
Techniques
9. Techniques for Teaching Oral
Communication Skills
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Types of Spoken Language
Monologue
Planned
Unplanned
Dialogue
Interpersonal
Transactional
Familiar
Familiar
Unfamiliar
Unfamiliar
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What makes Speaking
Difficult
Clustering
Redundancy
Reduced forms
Performance variables
Colloquial language
Rate of delivery
Stress, rhythm, and intonation
Interaction
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Microskills for Oral
Communication(1)
1.
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7.
Produce chunks of language of different lengths
Orally produce differences among the English phonemes and
allophonic variants.
Produce English stress patterns, words, in stressed and
unstressed positions, rhythmic structures, and intonational
contours.
Produce reduced forms of words and phrases.
Use an adequate number of lexical units (words) in order to
accomplish pragmatic purposes.
Produce fluent speech at different rates of delivery.
Monitor your own oral production and use various strategic
devices—pauses, fillers, self-corrections, backtracking—to
enhance the clarity of the messages
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Microskills for Oral
Communication(2)
8.
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Use grammatical word classes (nouns, verbs, etc.), systems
(e.g., tense, agreement, pluralization), word order, patterns,
rules, and elliptical forms.
Produce speech in natural constituents—in appropriate
phrases, pause groups, breath groups, and sentence
constituents.
Express particular meaning in different grammatical forms.
Use cohesive devices in spoken discourse.
Appropriately accomplish communicative functions according
to situations, participants, and goals.
Use appropriate registers, implicature, pragmatic conventions,
and other sociolinguistic features in face-to-face conversation.
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Microskills for Oral
Communication(3)
14. Convey links and connections between events and
communicate such relations as main idea, supporting
idea, new information, given information, generalization,
and exemplification.
15. Use facial features, kinesics, “body language” and other
nonverbal cues along with verbal language in order to
convey meaning.
16. Develop and use a battery of speaking strategies, such as
emphasizing key words, rephrasing, providing a context
for interpreting the meaning of words, appealing for help,
and accurately assessing how well your interlocutor in
understanding you.
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Teaching Pronunciation
Views on teaching pronunciation
have changed dramatically over the
last half-century of language
teaching.
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Factors Affecting Pronunciation Learning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Native language
Age
Exposure
Innate phonetic ability
Identity and Language ago
Motivation and concern for good
pronunciation
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A model for Correction of Speech Errors
-
MESSAGE
O
ABORT
x
CONTINUE
CONTINUE
+
AFFECTIVE
FEEDBACK
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COGNITIVE
FEEDBACK
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Types of Classroom Speaking
Performance
1. Imitative
2. Intensive
3. Responsive
4. Transactional dialogue
5. Interpersonal dialogue
6. Extensive
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Principles for Designing Speaking
Techniques
1. Cover the spectrum of learner needs, from languagebased focus on accuracy to message-based focus on
interaction, meaning, and fluency
2. Be intrinsically motivating
3. Encourage the use of authentic language in
meaningful contexts
4. Provide appropriate feedback and correction
5. Capitalize on the natural link between speaking and
listening
6. Give students opportunities to initiate oral
communication
7. Encourage the development speaking strategies
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Techniques for Teaching Oral
Communication Skills
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Pronunciation: Rhythm and thought group (see p. 270)
Pronunciation: Intonation (see pp. 271-273)
Pronunciation: Stress (see p. 274)
Pronunciation: Meaningful minimal pairs (see p. 275)
Grammar (see p.276)
Discourse (see p. 277)
Interactive techniques
Individual practice: Oral dialogue journals
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THANK YOU
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