Download Musical Theatre - Lake County Schools

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Musical theatre is a form of theatre that
combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and
dance.
The story and emotional content of the piece –
humor, pathos, love, anger – are
communicated through the words, music,
movement and technical aspects of the
entertainment as an integrated whole.
Although musical theatre overlaps with other
theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may
be distinguished by the equal importance
given to the music as compared with the
dialogue, movement and other elements of
the works. Since the early 20th century, musical
theatre stage works have generally been
called, simply, musicals
A book musical is a musical play where
songs and dances are fully integrated
into a well-made story with serious
dramatic goals that is able to evoke
genuine emotions other than laughter.
 It has three main components:
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› Music (the instrumentation)
› Lyrics (the words the singers sing; the lyrics
and music put together is called a score)
› Its book (the story, character development,
and dramatic structure; the dialogue and
lyrics together are called a libretto)
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A team generally interprets how they
would like to put on a musical. This team
involves:
› The director: oversees everything to ensure
the quality and completeness of the musical
› A musical director: in charge of all the musicboth instrumental and vocal
› A choreographer: designs the movement
› An orchestrator: adapting the music for the
orchestra involved
Taking a look backstage
 There are many technical elements to a
show which are “backstage”
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› Set design
› Costumes
› Stage props
› Lighting
› Sound
There is no fixed length for a musical
 Musicals can run from one act to multievening presentations
 Average musicals run two to three hours,
and are two acts in length (first act
longer than the second, with an
intermission)
 Usually has four to six main musical songs
that are played throughout in variations
or reprises
 Spoken dialogue is usually done
between songs
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Moments of greatest dramatic intensity
in a book musical are often performed in
song.
 Proverbially, "when the emotion
becomes too strong for speech you sing;
when it becomes too strong for song,
you dance."
 In a book musical, a song is ideally
crafted to suit the character (or
characters) and their situation within the
story
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The material presented in a musical may
be original, or it may be adapted from:
› Novels (Wicked and Man of La Mancha)
› Plays (Hello, Dolly!)
› Classic legends (Camelot)
› Historical events (Evita)
› Films (The Producers and Hairspray)
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On the other hand, many successful musical
theatre works have been adapted for musical
films, such as The Sound of Music, West Side
Story, My Fair Lady, and Chicago.
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Musical theatre is closely related to the
theatrical form of opera, but the two are
usually distinguished by weighing a
number of factors.
› Musicals generally have a greater focus on
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spoken dialogue and dancing
Musicals use more popular vocal styles
Musicals avoid classic opera styles
Musicals are usually written in the language
of the audience
Modern musicals use amplification
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Musical theatre in Europe dates back to the theatre
of ancient Greece where music and dance was
included in stage comedies and tragedies during the
5th century BCE
The 3rd-century BCE Roman comedies included song
and dance routines performed with orchestrations.
The Romans also introduced technical innovations.
For example, to make the dance steps more audible
in large open air theatres, Roman actors attached
metal chips to their stage footwear – the
first tap shoes
By the Middle Ages, theatre in Europe consisted
mostly of travelling minstrels and small performing
troupes of performers singing and offering slapstick
comedy.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, religious
dramas taught the liturgy, set to church chants. Later
"mystery plays" were created that told a biblical story
in a sequence of entertaining parts.
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The European Renaissance saw older forms evolve
into commedia dell'arte, an Italian tradition where
raucous clowns improvised their way through familiar
stories, and from there, opera buffa.
Plays, perhaps particularly the heavier histories and
tragedies, were frequently broken up with a short
musical play, perhaps derived from the
Italian intermezzo, with music, jokes and dancing,
and a dance at the end
Court masques also developed during the Tudor
period that involved music, dancing, singing and
acting, often with expensive costumes and a
complex stage design
The musical sections of masques developed into
sung plays that are recognizable as English operas,
the first usually being thought of as William
Davenant's ”The Siege of Rhodes”
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By the 18th century, two forms of musical
theatre were popular in Britain: ballad operas
that included lyrics written to the tunes of
popular songs of the day (often spoofing
opera), and comic operas, with original scores
and mostly romantic plot lines
On the continent, singspiel, comédie en
vaudeville, opéra comique and other forms of
light musical entertainment were emerging.
Other musical theatre forms developed by the
19th century, such as music
hall, melodrama, burlesque and vaudeville.
Melodramas and burlettas, in particular, were
popularized partly because most London
theatres were licensed only as music halls and
not allowed to present plays without music.
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Colonial America did not have a significant theatre
presence until 1752, when London entrepreneur
William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors to
the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager.
They established a theatre in Williamsburg,
Virginia and opened with The Merchant of
Venice and The Anatomist.
The company moved to New York in the summer of
1753
By the 1840s, P.T. Barnum was operating an
entertainment complex in lower Manhattan.
In America, the first original theatre piece in English
that conforms to the modern conception of a
musical, adding dance and original music that
helped to tell the story, is generally considered to
be The Black Crook, which premiered in New York on
September 12, 1866
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Theatre in New York moved from downtown
gradually to midtown from around 1850, seeking less
expensive real estate prices, and did not arrive in the
Times Square area until the 1920s and 1930s
The musicals of the Roaring Twenties, borrowing from
vaudeville, music hall and other light entertainments,
tended to emphasize star actors and actresses, big
dance routines, and popular songs, at the expanse
of plot. Many shows were revues, series of sketches
and songs with little or no connection between them.
The motion picture mounted a challenge to the
stage. At first, films were silent and presented only
limited competition to theatre. But by the end of the
1920s, films could be presented with synchronized
sound. "Talkie" films at low prices effectively killed
off vaudeville by the early 1930s
The 1940s would begin with more hits from
Porter, Irving Berlin, Rodgers and Hart, Weill
and Gershwin, some with runs over 500
performances as the economy rebounded
 Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma by
tightly integrating all the aspects of musical
theatre, with a cohesive plot, songs that
furthered the action of the story, and
featured dream ballets and other dances
that advanced the plot and developed the
characters, rather than using dance as an
excuse to parade scantily clad women
across the stag
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As time progressed, shows began to deal
with more intense social matterincluding societal issues and changing
perpsectives
 In the past four decades, themes such as
tolerance have been widely popular
 Musical styles have often mirrored the
popular music styles of the times
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Hollywood began taking an interest in bringing
stage musicals to screen
Made for TV movie musicals became popular
in 1990- Cinderella, Annie, etc.
Evita in 1996 was the first successful theatrical
release movie musical in twenty years.
Moulin Rouge! continued to raise the
popularity in 2001
Since then, there have been many movie
musicals- Chicago, Phantom of the Opera,
Dreamgirls, Hairspray, Across the Universe,
Enchanted, Sweeney Todd, The Producers,
Mama Mia, Nine, Burlesque, Rent, and Les
Miserables
The Beggar’s Opera (1728)
 The Pirates of Penzance (1879)
 EL Capitain (1896)
 Oh Kay! (1926)
 1930s
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› Anything Goes
› Porgy and Bess
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1940s
› Oklahoma! (1943)
› South Pacific (1949)
Guys and Dolls
 West Side Story
 Gypsy
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Fiddler on the Roof
 Sound of Music
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Chicago
 A Little Night Music
 Sweeney Todd
 The Wiz
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Phantom of the Opera
 Miss Saigon
 Evita
 Les Miserables
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Rent
 Beauty and the Beast
 The Lion King
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Avenue Q
 American Idiot
 Next to Normal
 Wicked
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