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Name Date Class Forces in Earth’s Crust Inquiry Warm-Up, How Does Stress Affect Earth’s Crust? In the Inquiry Warm-Up, you investigated how force can affect matter. Using what you learned from that activity, answer the questions below. 1. OBSERVE What happened to the craft stick in Step 1? 2. OBSERVE What happened to the craft stick in Step 2? 3. INFER How did you store energy in the craft stick? 4. DRAW CONCLUSIONS How was the energy stored in the craft stick released? Name Date Forces in Earth’s Crust How Does Stress Change Earth’s Crust? I get it! Now I know that stress changes Earth’s crust by changing the I need extra help with How Do Faults Form? 1a. REVIEW When enough stress builds up in brittle rock, the rock breaks, causing a(n) to form. b. INFER A geologist sees a fault along which blocks of rock in the footwall have moved higher relative to blocks of rock in the hanging wall. What type of fault is this? I get it! Now I know that faults form when I need extra help with Class Name Date Forces in Earth’s Crust How Does Plate Movement Create New Landforms? 2a. REVIEW Normal faults often occur when two plates (come together/pull apart). b. INTERPRET DIAGRAMS Look at the diagram that accompanies the photograph in Figure 5. Does the block of rock in the middle move up as a result of movement along the normal faults? Explain. I get it! Now I know that plate movements create new features by I need extra help with Class Name Date Forces in Earth’s Crust In the space below, explain how stress causes movement at faults. Class Name Date Forces in Earth’s Crust Understanding Main Ideas Use the diagrams below to complete items 1–9. Diagram A 1. Type of Fault: 2. Stress Force: 3. Movement Along Fault: Diagram B 4. Type of Fault: 5. Stress Force: 6. Movement Along Fault: Diagram C 7. Type of Fault: 8. Stress Force: 9. Movement Along Fault: Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of these terms on a separate sheet of paper. 10. shearing 11. plateau Class Name Date Class Forces in Earth’s Crust Each picture below shows how an earthquake changed the land surface at a fault. Examine the pictures carefully. Decide what kind of fault is shown in each. Then explain how movement along the fault caused the changes you see. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Evidence of Movement Along Faults 1. Fault 1 2. Fault 2 3. Fault 3 Name Date Class Forces in Earth’s Crust Fill in the blank to complete each statement. 1. Stress is a(n) that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. 2. The collision of two plates causes the formation of mountains. 3. When two plates move away from each other created. faults are 4. A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is a(n) . 5. Tension can cause the formation of fault-block mountains or . 6. A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is a(n) . Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 7. The stress force that pulls on the crust and thins rock in the middle is A shearing B compression C tension D uplifting 9. A fault in which the rocks on either side of the fault move sideways past each other is a A slip-strike fault B normal fault C hanging fault D reverse fault 8. The stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks is A shearing B compression C tension D uplifting 10. A B C D Compression causes the formation of only anticlines only synclines both anticlines and synclines neither anticlines nor synclines Forces in Earth’s Crust Answer Key 1. The craft stick bent. 2. The craft stick returned part of the way to its original shape. 3. Energy is stored in the craft stick when it is bent. 4. The energy stored in the craft stick was released in Step 2 when it returned to its original shape and in Step 4 when it broke. Stress is a force that stretches rock, squeezes rock, or pushes rock in opposite directions. Stress builds up at faults until rock moves along the fault. 1. Strike-slip fault: The two blocks of rock on either side of the fault moved sideways in opposite directions. The road and fences broke at the fault line, and the two halves of each structure were displaced. 2. Reverse fault: The block in the foreground (the hanging wall) moved upward along the fault. The river could no longer flow across the fault. Instead, the water collected at the base of the fault (on the footwall) to form a lake. Without water flowing into it, the part of the river on the hanging wall ran dry. 3. Normal fault: The block in the foreground (the hanging wall) moved downward along the fault, creating a waterfall where the river crosses the fault. 1. reverse fault 2. compression 3. hanging wall moves up. 4. normal fault 5. tension 6. hanging wall moves down. 7. strike-slip fault 8. shearing 9. Blocks move sideways in opposite directions. 10. stress that moves rock in two opposite directions 11. a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level 1. force 2. folded 3. normal 4. plateau 5. valleys 6. anticline 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C