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EXPLORING BIOMES CHAPTER 20 The Earth’s Ecosystems TUNDRA -51 °C to 10 °C -------------------30-50 cm Per Year TUNDRA Plants Lichens, Small Shrubs ---------------------Animals Wolf, Polar Bear, Walrus, Owl, Penguin, Caribou TUNDRA Windy & Very Cold All Year A Huge Treeless Plain Animals Have Fur Or A Blubber Layer (That Reduces Heat Loss) CONIFEROUS FOREST -55 °C to 20 °C -----------------------30-85 cm Per Year CONIFEROUS FOREST Plants Alpine Fir, Spruce, Pine, Moss --------------------------Animals Bighorn Sheep, Elk, Moose, Owl, Bears, Wolves, Porcupines CONIFEROUS FOREST Evergreen Trees Produce Seeds In Cones CONIFEROUS Extremely Cold Winters Referred To By Its Russian Name TAIGA DECIDUOUS FOREST 10 °C ------------------------70-150 cm Per Year DECIDUOUS FOREST Plants Elm, Dogwood, Geranium, Azalea, Oak --------------------------Animals Deer, Squirrel, Chipmunk, Rabbits DECIDUOUS FOREST Trees Shed Their Broad Leaves And Grow New Ones Each Year Birds Migrate To Warmer Areas Mammals Hibernate DESERT Temperatures Vary Greatly -------------------Less Than 25 cm Per Year DESERT Plants Palm Tree, Sagebrush, Cactus, Yucca ---------------------Animals Rattlesnake, Camel, Fox, Coyote, Lizard, Roadrunner DESERT Very Little Rain and Hot All Year Animals Obtain Water From Food They Eat Plants Have Thick Stems That Store Water RAIN FOREST 20 °C to 30 °C -------------------Up To 400 cm Per Year RAIN FOREST Plants Fig Tree, Palm Tree, Lichens, Orchids, Vines ---------------------Animals Tarantula, Chimp, Jaguar, Anteater RAIN FOREST • Very Hot and Humid (Because Of All The Water In The Air) • Very Little Light (Penetrates The Thick Vegetation) • Contain More Species Of Organisms Than All Other Biomes Combined GRASSLANDS 0 °C to 38 °C ----------------------Varies Greatly ; 25-75 cm Per Year GRASSLANDS Plants Wild Rye, Prairie Cordgrass, Switchgrass ------------------------Animals Giraffe, Zebra, Lion, Prairie Dog, Kangaroo, Bison GRASSLANDS Vegetation Maintained By Periodic Fire Few Big Trees (Because There Is Not Enough Rain) Grazing Herbivores Keep Young Trees and Bushes From Competing For Water and Sunlight GRASSLANDS Two Types – African Savanna and American Prairie AQUATIC BIOMES Temp Varies Greatly -------------------Precipitation Varies Greatly AQUATIC Plants Water Lily, Reed Grass, Algae, Seaweed ---------------------Animals Crocodile, Killer Whale, Sting Ray, Crab, Trout, Flounder, Turtle, Octopus, Jellyfish AQUATIC • Oceans, Freshwater, and Wetlands Such As Swamps and Marshes • There Is Only Enough Light For Photosynthesis Near the Surface Or In Shallow Water