Download Exercise Physiology * The Basics

Exercise Physiology – The Basics
4 Components
• When we look at exercise physiology there are
4 main components:
1. The Heart
2. The Lungs
3. The Muscles
4. Energy Systems
What’s the Point?
• By knowing basic information in relation to
these areas we can begin to understand the
impact that exercise has on these. This
enables us to have a greater understanding of
how to train and what should occur.
The Heart
The Love Organ
• Despite being the very organ that enables us
to fall in and experience love it also has a very
real role in enabling us to fall head over heals
with someone else!
The Heart
• The main functions of the heart are:
Circulatory System
Terminology
• Here is some terms that are relevant to the heart
and exercise physiology and make you sound
flash in your assignment:
• Heart rate is simply the number of heart beats per minute.
• Stroke volume is the volume of blood, in milliliters (mL), pumped
out of the heart with each beat.
• Cardiac output: is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per
minute (mL blood/min). Cardiac Output in mL/min = heart rate
(beats/min) X stroke volume (mL/beat)
The Lungs
The Lungs
• The main functions of the lungs are:
Respiratory System
Terminology
• Here is some terms that are relevant to the
lungs and exercise physiology and make you
sound flash in your assignment:
• Respiratory Volumes: is the amount of air inhaled,
exhaled and stored within the lungs at any given time
• Tidal Volume: the amount of air which enters the lungs
during normal inhalation at rest
Energy Systems
ATP-CP System
• Replenishes ATP rapidly by breaking down Creatine
Phosphate releasing energy to reform ATP
• Short duration (<10 secs)
• Active at the beginning of all forms of activities
• Especially important in high intensity exercises like weight
lifting that require short bursts of energy.
• Only a small quantity of PC can be stored. Athletes do try
to load up with supplements
Anaerobic
• Breakdown of carbohydrates (glycolysis) for fuel when
without oxygen eg beginning of exercise or high intensity
workout >85% of HRmax
• Results in formation of lactic acid, which causes muscle
fatigue
• Last for 10 seconds to 2 minutes
Aerobic
• Replenishes ATP with the use of oxygen
• Efficient- 1 molecule- 36 ATP molecule
• System works at rest and during very low intensity exercise
• This form of energy primarily utilizes fats (75%) and
carbohydrates (25%) as fuel sources, but as intensity is
increased there is a switch from fats (25%) to carbohydrates
(75%)
Muscles
Muscle Structure
• Muscles are necessary in order to create
movement. There basic structure is as follows:
– Tendon attaches to bone
– Muscle
– Fascicle (portion of muscle)
– Muscle Fiber (cell)
– Myofibril
– Sarcomere (segment of a myofibril)
Sliding Filament Theory
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are the cell's power producers.
They convert energy into forms that are
usable by the cell.