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Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Date______________ Period ___________ The Human Respiratory System What is Physical Respiration? • • • The process of exchanging _______ and _________ between an __________________ and its ________________ _____________________. Occurs through a __________________ ____________________ ________________________. Also called ________________________. The Respiratory System and Gas Exchange: • The human respiratory system is a network of __________________ that allows for ______________ to flow _____________ and ________________ the body. • • ___________ flows in & is needed for _____________________ ________________________. ___________ flows out & is a waste product from _______________ ______________________. Structures of the Respiratory System: 1 Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Date______________ Period ___________ Nasal Cavity • Air _______________/________________ through _________________________ • Lined with __________________________ mucous membranes which ___________________, _____________________ and ______________________ air. Pharynx (throat) • The upper part of the throat, where the __________________ cavity meets the ____________________ cavity. Larynx (voice box) • Contains ___________________ ________________ (flaps that _________________ to produce sounds when air passes over them) Trachea (Windpipe) • Kept open by ____________________________________________________________ • Lined with __________________________ mucous membranes which ___________________, _____________________ and ______________________ air. • • Deposits from _________________________ ________________ and other _________________________ interfere with action of the ____________________. Food is prevented from entering the __________________ by the _____________________ Bronchi • • • Branch off from the ______________________________. One _________________________ goes to _____________________ ____________________. • Lined with __________________________ mucous membranes which ___________________, _____________________ and ______________________ air. Bronchioles • • Branch off from ________________________. Airways are __________________ ___________ _____________________. • They are _____________________ ringed with ___________________________ • Lined with __________________________ mucous membranes which ___________________, _____________________ and ______________________ air. 2 Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Alveoli _________________________________________________________________ • • • • Elastic ______________________ found at the end of _____________________________________. Thin and moist. Alveoli are __________________________________________. Surrounded by ________________________________. _______________ diffuses _________________ the blood and ________________ diffuses _________________ the blood. Lungs • • • Main ____________ of the ______________________ ___________________. ______________ structures that allow for ________ to enter and exit. Include the ______________, __________________ and ________________. Diaphragm • A ______________ underneath the _____________. • • It _______________ (___________________) when you _________________. It _______________ (___________________) when you _________________. 3 Date______________ Period ___________ Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Date______________ Period ___________ Breathing Dynamics Inhaling • The diaphragm ______________________________ and moves _______________________________. • The ribs move __________________________ and ___________________________________. • The change in ______________________ in the chest cavity ________________ air _________________ the lungs. Exhaling • • • 4 The diaphragm _____________________ and moves _____________________________. The ribs move _____________________ and __________________________. Air is pushed __________________ of the ________________________. Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Date______________ Period ___________ Gas Exchange in the Alveoli How is breathing controlled? • Breathing rate is controlled by the __________________ (a part of your brain that is responsible for ___________________ actions). • 5 The __________ monitors the concentration of ____ in the ________. • High ______ – breathe ____________ to get rid of _________ Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Date______________ Period ___________ Disorders of the Respiratory System Bronchitis • Membranes lining the ______________ become _______________ (“-itis” means __________________). • Symptoms – ____________, ______________, ___________________________. Asthma • • 6 An ______________ reaction where ______________ of _____________ airways & increased ____________ production prevents air from entering or exiting the ___________________. Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Emphysema • Alveoli lose ____________ (usually due to ____________). • • • Gas ____________ is not _____________ Symptoms – ______________ & ________________________. Lung Cancer • • • 7 Uncontrolled ___________ ____________ in the ______________. Usually caused by _________________________. Cancer _________________ with ______________ ____________________. Date______________ Period ___________ Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Can you label the structures below? 8 Date______________ Period ___________ Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Gas Exchange – Comparative Anatomy Earthworm 9 Date______________ Period ___________ Name________________________________________________ Living Environment Grasshopper 10 Date______________ Period ___________