Download Ch. 28 World War II Again the Road to War

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Hitler envisioned enlarging Germany beyond its 1914 borders
Wanted to Bring the entire German people (Volk) into one nation
Hitler hoped to extinguish Jews from his new Germany
Reunite the German people of the old Hapsburg Empire and to
seize land from neighboring countries– Beginning with Poland
and Ukraine
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In 1935, Mussolini attacked Ethiopia (angers international
community)
Britain and France did not want to alienate Mussolini and in the
end turned to Germany
1936 Germany allied with Italy in the Rome-Berlin Axis (origins
of the Axis powers)
1936 Hitler marched into the Rhineland and seized control
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Only received weak protests from Britain and France in the form of
policy of appeasement
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Hitler and Mussolini supported Francisco Franco in his bid to
take control of Spain
Japan joined the Axis powers
Germany and Austria entered into an Auschluss (union) which
had profound implications for Czechoslovakia which was
surrounded by Germany
The Czech appealed to France, England, and Russia for aid
Neville Chamberlain was committed to the policy of
appeasement and id not want Britain in another war
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In 1939 Hitler Invaded Prague putting an end to the Czech state
Hitler began aggressive acts in Poland
Britain and France considered a alliance with Russia
Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact was revealed:
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This pact divided Poland between the two nations and allowed Russia to
occupy the Baltic States
This pact effectively led to the French and English going to war
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Germany’s attack on Poland was swift—a Blitzkrieg—or lighting war
Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway in 1940
A month later he attacked Belgium, the Netherlands, and
Luxembourg
British and French armies in Belgium fled to the English Channel and
escaped from the beaches of Dunkirk, saving thousands of lives
The Maginot Line, an imaginary line that ran from Switzerland to the
Belgian frontier, was exposed on its left flank after Hitler
remilitarized the Rhineland
Hitler’s advance through Belgium avoided the French Defenses
Mussolini staged an invasion in southern France, and less than a
week later France, led by Marshal Petain, asked for an armistice
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Britain was isolated after the Fall of France, but the rise of power
of Prime Minister Winston Churchill ended the government’s
days of appeasement
Churchill established a connection with FDR and the U.S aided
Britian before entering the war
Hitler invaded Britain in 1940, bombing London and destroying
much of the city
British morale grew during this time period and united the
nation against Hitler
Hitler also began his invasion of Russia in 1941
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War was thrust on the Americans in 1941 when Japan launched
an attack on the U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor
The next day the U.S and Britain declared war on Japan
Three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S
In 1942 the allies gained control of the Mediterranean Sea
In 1943 they conquered German controlled Italy and gained
another ally
The Battle of Stalingrad, the Russians lost more soldiers than the
U.S did during the entire war, but prevailed against Germany
Hitler’s army was essentially destroyed
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In 1943 American and British began a series of day and night bombings on
German cities
On June 6th, 1944 D-Day American, British, and Canadian troops landed on
the coast of Normandy, France and got through the German defense
France was liberated by September
The Battle of Bulge in December 1944 resulted in heavy Allied losses, but
the Allies pushed on and crushed German resistance
By May 1st 1945 Berlin was occupied by the Allies
Japan refused to surrender
Americans warplanes dropped Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The government under Emperor Hirohito surrendered on August 14th, 1945
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In Germany the economy remained buoyant until the army’s failure
to overwhelm the Russians ( after which a wartime economy took
over)
Germany suffered severe food shortages and demanded sacrifices
from its people
The manufactor of armaments replaced the production of consumer
goods and food rationing began in 1942
Women, teenagers, and retired Men were required to work in
factories
Thousands of people from conquered lands were forced to labor in
Germany
Political Propaganda intensified in Germany and the role of women
began important to the German ideology
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In France, the Vichy government that followed Germany’s
aggression was a source of national controversy
It encouraged intense nationalism that fostered anti-Semitism
Internal resistance to the Vichy government developed in 1942,
but large scale movements did not arise until 1944
General Charles de Gaulle, who had fled to Britain, urged the
French people to resist their conquerors and support the French
National Committee of Liberation
In 1945 France voted to end the Third Republic and the Fourth
Republic was started with a new constitution